WGU D115 Renal/Uro questions with verified answers
6.Which of the following patient is the most likely candidate to initiate dialysis
due to chronic kidney disease?
A 46-year-old man with hypertension and GFR=42 mL/min
A 64-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and GFR=28 mL/min
A 76-year-old man with anemia and GFR=55 mL/min
A 58-year-old woman with heart disease and GFR=46 mL/min Ans✓✓✓ A 64-
year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and GFR=28 mL/min
Feedback:The most common cause of kidney failure are diabetes and
hypertension. In presence of these risk factors, the lower the GFR, the higher
priority for dialysis.
7.Which of the following correctly explains the primary mechanism of damage in
diabetic nephropathy?
The formation of advanced glycation end products damages glomeular structures
immune activation occurs due to hypergylcyemia
elevated levels of transforming growth factor B cause inflammation
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) promotes fibrosis due to
hyperglycemia Ans✓✓✓ The formation of advanced glycation end products
damages glomeular structures
Feedback:The primary mechanism of damage in diabetic nephropathy is the
formation of advanced glycation end products and an increase in oxidative stress
due to hyperglycemia.
A 35-year-old man presents with edema of the face, hands, and ankles, and a
blood pressure of 175/115 mmHg. He reports urine that is darkly colored and
foamy. The APN suspects acute glomerulonephritis and would expect UA results
to include all of the following findings except:
,Elevated protein
RBCs
Renal casts
Abnormally elevated glucose levels Ans✓✓✓ Abnormally elevated glucose levels
Feedback:The common signs of acute glomerulonephritis are dark, foamy urine,
and edema of the face, eyes, ankles, feet, and legs.
A 68-year-old female with heart failure presents with tachycardia, S3 heart sound,
and basilar crackles bilaterally. blood pressure is 90/68, BUN is 58 mg/dL,
creatinine is 2.4 mg/dL. This clinical presentation is most consistent with:
prerenal azotemia
acute glomerulonephritis
tubular necrosis
postrenal azotemia Ans✓✓✓ prerenal azotemia
Feedback:Prerenal azotemia refers to elevations in BUN and creatinine levels
resulting from problems in the systemic circulation that decrease flow to the
kidneys.
A 78-year-old man presents with fatigue and difficulty with bladder emptying.
Examination reveals a distended bladder but is otherwise unremarkable. The BUN
is 88mg/dL; the creatinine is 2.8 mg/dL. This clinical assessment is most consistent
with:
prerenal azotemia
acute glomerulonephritis
acute tubular necrosis
postrenal azotemia Ans✓✓✓ Feedback:Postrenal azotemia refers to elevations in
BUN and creatinine levels resulting from obstruction in the collecting system
, A female patient has been diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract
infection (UTI).
Which self-care measure that is specific to this type of infection should the
healthcare provider teach the patient?
Drink at least eight glasses of water a day
Take medication if you have a fever
Wipe from front to back after using the bathroom
Rest as much as possible in the few days after the start of the infection Ans✓✓✓
Correct! Wiping front to back helps prevent the spread of e. coli into the urinary
meatus. E. coli is normally colonized in the bowel and is the most common
pathogen in UTIs.
A healthcare professional is assessing a patient who could have either
pyelonephritis or cystitis.
Which differentiating sign would assist the professional in making this diagnosis?
Spasmodic pain that radiates to the groin
Urinalysis confirmation of white blood cell casts
Increased glomerular filtration rate
Difficulty starting the stream of urine Ans✓✓✓ Correct! When the kidney is
inflamed, it causes damage that results in the production of white blood cell
(WBC) casts.
A patient has localized and has intense abdominal pain that lateralizes. In order to
move forward with your assessment, you consider the types of pain.
Which type of pain is this patient most likely experiencing?
Parietal
6.Which of the following patient is the most likely candidate to initiate dialysis
due to chronic kidney disease?
A 46-year-old man with hypertension and GFR=42 mL/min
A 64-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and GFR=28 mL/min
A 76-year-old man with anemia and GFR=55 mL/min
A 58-year-old woman with heart disease and GFR=46 mL/min Ans✓✓✓ A 64-
year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and GFR=28 mL/min
Feedback:The most common cause of kidney failure are diabetes and
hypertension. In presence of these risk factors, the lower the GFR, the higher
priority for dialysis.
7.Which of the following correctly explains the primary mechanism of damage in
diabetic nephropathy?
The formation of advanced glycation end products damages glomeular structures
immune activation occurs due to hypergylcyemia
elevated levels of transforming growth factor B cause inflammation
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) promotes fibrosis due to
hyperglycemia Ans✓✓✓ The formation of advanced glycation end products
damages glomeular structures
Feedback:The primary mechanism of damage in diabetic nephropathy is the
formation of advanced glycation end products and an increase in oxidative stress
due to hyperglycemia.
A 35-year-old man presents with edema of the face, hands, and ankles, and a
blood pressure of 175/115 mmHg. He reports urine that is darkly colored and
foamy. The APN suspects acute glomerulonephritis and would expect UA results
to include all of the following findings except:
,Elevated protein
RBCs
Renal casts
Abnormally elevated glucose levels Ans✓✓✓ Abnormally elevated glucose levels
Feedback:The common signs of acute glomerulonephritis are dark, foamy urine,
and edema of the face, eyes, ankles, feet, and legs.
A 68-year-old female with heart failure presents with tachycardia, S3 heart sound,
and basilar crackles bilaterally. blood pressure is 90/68, BUN is 58 mg/dL,
creatinine is 2.4 mg/dL. This clinical presentation is most consistent with:
prerenal azotemia
acute glomerulonephritis
tubular necrosis
postrenal azotemia Ans✓✓✓ prerenal azotemia
Feedback:Prerenal azotemia refers to elevations in BUN and creatinine levels
resulting from problems in the systemic circulation that decrease flow to the
kidneys.
A 78-year-old man presents with fatigue and difficulty with bladder emptying.
Examination reveals a distended bladder but is otherwise unremarkable. The BUN
is 88mg/dL; the creatinine is 2.8 mg/dL. This clinical assessment is most consistent
with:
prerenal azotemia
acute glomerulonephritis
acute tubular necrosis
postrenal azotemia Ans✓✓✓ Feedback:Postrenal azotemia refers to elevations in
BUN and creatinine levels resulting from obstruction in the collecting system
, A female patient has been diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract
infection (UTI).
Which self-care measure that is specific to this type of infection should the
healthcare provider teach the patient?
Drink at least eight glasses of water a day
Take medication if you have a fever
Wipe from front to back after using the bathroom
Rest as much as possible in the few days after the start of the infection Ans✓✓✓
Correct! Wiping front to back helps prevent the spread of e. coli into the urinary
meatus. E. coli is normally colonized in the bowel and is the most common
pathogen in UTIs.
A healthcare professional is assessing a patient who could have either
pyelonephritis or cystitis.
Which differentiating sign would assist the professional in making this diagnosis?
Spasmodic pain that radiates to the groin
Urinalysis confirmation of white blood cell casts
Increased glomerular filtration rate
Difficulty starting the stream of urine Ans✓✓✓ Correct! When the kidney is
inflamed, it causes damage that results in the production of white blood cell
(WBC) casts.
A patient has localized and has intense abdominal pain that lateralizes. In order to
move forward with your assessment, you consider the types of pain.
Which type of pain is this patient most likely experiencing?
Parietal
