The End of Bipolarity
FACTS THAT MATTER
1. The Socialist Revolution in Russia in 1917 gave birth to USSR
with inspiration of socialism, ensure a minimum standard of living
for all its citizens and also the government subsidised basic
necessities and productive assets were owned and controlled by
the state.
2. Russia was the only republic among fifteen republics who
dominates everything and people in the region.
3. Soviet Union lagged behind the west in technology,
infrastructure and could not fulfil political aspirations of people.
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 also weakened the system
furthermore.
4. Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of Communist Party of
Soviet Union in 1985 initiated the policies of economic and political
reforms to democratise the system which were opposed by
leaders within communist party and contradictory view of people.
5. The people of republic had been fed up with old style rule of
Soviet bloc and in Dec 1991, under the leadership of Boris Yeltsin
(an elected leader), Russia, Ukraine and Baltics declared
themselves independent.
6. The formation of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
came as a surprise and the exclusion of these states was resolved
by making them founder members of the CIS.
7. Russia was accepted as successor state of Soviet Union by
inheriting a Soviet seat in UN Security Council, who accepted all
international treaties and commitments of Soviet Union and
carried out some nuclear disarmament measures with the US.
8. Now Soviet Union had been disintegrated on the grounds to
maintain nuclear and military arsenals, awareness of people of
their backwardness than western capitalism as well as alienation
of ordinary people who were exempted from any kind of privileges.
, 9. The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within
republics like Russia, the Baltic Republics (Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania), Ukraine, Georgia and others proved to be the most
immediate cause for disintegration of USSR.
10. Disintegration of USSR resulted into the end of Cold War
confrontations, created dominant capitalist system, emerged
many new states and the advantage was taken by Central Asian
countries of their geographical locations by maintaining relations
with Russia, the West, the US, China and others.
11. The process of transition from an authoritarian socialist
system to a democratic capitalist system in Russia, Central Asia
and East Europe was influenced by World Bank and IMF came to
be known as Shock Therapy.
12. Shock Therapy involved privatisation of property, private firms
emergence, complete switch over to free trade and Foreign Direct
Investment, Financial opening up, Currency convertibility as well
as break up of existing trade alliances among the countries of
Soviet Bloc to maintain relations directly with the West.
13. Shock Therapy resulted in the largest garage sale in history,
declined value of Russian Currency ‘Ruble’, due to inflation, food
was imported, destroyed Old Social Welfare System, Migration of
educated and intellectual manpower and disparities due to
privatisation between rich and poor regions of Russia.
14. The constitution of newly democratic institutions was drafted
in a hurry where strong executives appointed themselves as
presidents due to weak Parliament and lack of independent
judiciary as in Russia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
15. Russia revived in 2000 due to export of natural resources like
oil, natural gas and minerals which were available in abundance in
Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
And from where these pipelines crossed, were paid on rent.
16. Most of the former Soviet Republics had civil wars and
insurgencies as in Russia, two republics Chechnya and Dagestan
had violent secessionist movements, in Central Asia. Civil War took
FACTS THAT MATTER
1. The Socialist Revolution in Russia in 1917 gave birth to USSR
with inspiration of socialism, ensure a minimum standard of living
for all its citizens and also the government subsidised basic
necessities and productive assets were owned and controlled by
the state.
2. Russia was the only republic among fifteen republics who
dominates everything and people in the region.
3. Soviet Union lagged behind the west in technology,
infrastructure and could not fulfil political aspirations of people.
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 also weakened the system
furthermore.
4. Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of Communist Party of
Soviet Union in 1985 initiated the policies of economic and political
reforms to democratise the system which were opposed by
leaders within communist party and contradictory view of people.
5. The people of republic had been fed up with old style rule of
Soviet bloc and in Dec 1991, under the leadership of Boris Yeltsin
(an elected leader), Russia, Ukraine and Baltics declared
themselves independent.
6. The formation of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
came as a surprise and the exclusion of these states was resolved
by making them founder members of the CIS.
7. Russia was accepted as successor state of Soviet Union by
inheriting a Soviet seat in UN Security Council, who accepted all
international treaties and commitments of Soviet Union and
carried out some nuclear disarmament measures with the US.
8. Now Soviet Union had been disintegrated on the grounds to
maintain nuclear and military arsenals, awareness of people of
their backwardness than western capitalism as well as alienation
of ordinary people who were exempted from any kind of privileges.
, 9. The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within
republics like Russia, the Baltic Republics (Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania), Ukraine, Georgia and others proved to be the most
immediate cause for disintegration of USSR.
10. Disintegration of USSR resulted into the end of Cold War
confrontations, created dominant capitalist system, emerged
many new states and the advantage was taken by Central Asian
countries of their geographical locations by maintaining relations
with Russia, the West, the US, China and others.
11. The process of transition from an authoritarian socialist
system to a democratic capitalist system in Russia, Central Asia
and East Europe was influenced by World Bank and IMF came to
be known as Shock Therapy.
12. Shock Therapy involved privatisation of property, private firms
emergence, complete switch over to free trade and Foreign Direct
Investment, Financial opening up, Currency convertibility as well
as break up of existing trade alliances among the countries of
Soviet Bloc to maintain relations directly with the West.
13. Shock Therapy resulted in the largest garage sale in history,
declined value of Russian Currency ‘Ruble’, due to inflation, food
was imported, destroyed Old Social Welfare System, Migration of
educated and intellectual manpower and disparities due to
privatisation between rich and poor regions of Russia.
14. The constitution of newly democratic institutions was drafted
in a hurry where strong executives appointed themselves as
presidents due to weak Parliament and lack of independent
judiciary as in Russia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
15. Russia revived in 2000 due to export of natural resources like
oil, natural gas and minerals which were available in abundance in
Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
And from where these pipelines crossed, were paid on rent.
16. Most of the former Soviet Republics had civil wars and
insurgencies as in Russia, two republics Chechnya and Dagestan
had violent secessionist movements, in Central Asia. Civil War took
