NU 220 Pharmacology Exam 1 questions
with correct answers
Drug |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-any |chemical |that |can |affect |living |processes
Pharmacology |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-the |study |of |drugs |and |their |interactions |with |living |systems
Clinical |Pharmacology |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Study |of |drugs |in |humans
Therapeutics |(pharmacotherapeutics) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-The |use |of |drugs |to |diagnose, |prevent, |
or |treat |disease |or |to |prevent |pregnancy
therapeutic |objective |of |drug |therapy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-to |provide |maximum |benefit |with |
minimum |harm
Three |most |important |properties |of |an |ideal |drug |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Effectiveness
2. |Safety
3. |Selectivity
Effectiveness |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-most |important |property |a |drug |can |have. |If |the |medication |
doesn't |do |what |it |is |intended |to |do—there |is |no |justification |for |giving |it. |Current |U.S. |law |requires |
that |all |new |drugs |be |proved |effective |prior |to |release |for |marketing.
Safety |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Drug |cannot |produce |harmful |effects |- |even |if |administered |in |very |
high |doses |and |for |a |very |long |time.
Selectivity |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Drug |elicits |only |the |response |for |which |it |is |given |(There |is |no |
such |thing |as |a |wholly |selective |drug |because |all |drugs |cause |side |effects)
Factors |that |determine |the |Intensity |of |drug |response |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Administration
, 2. |Pharmacokinetics
3. |Pharmacodynamics |
4. |Sources |of |Individual |Variation
Administration |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-The |drug |dosage, |route, |and |timing |of |administration |are |
important |determinants |of |drug |responses. |Unfortunately, |drugs |are |not |always |taken |or |
administered |as |prescribed. |The |result |may |be |toxicity |if |the |dosage |is |too |high |or |treatment |failure |if
|the |dosage |is |too |low.
Sometimes |patients |do |not |take |medicine |as |prescribed. |This |is |called |poor |adherence. |To |help |
minimize |errors |caused |by |poor |adherence, |you |should |give |patients |complete |instructions |about |
their |medication |and |how |to |take |it.
Pharmacokinetics |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Processes |determine |how |much |of |an |administered |dose |
gets |to |its |sites |of |action
The |study |of |drug |movement |throughout |the |body |i.e. |what |the |drug |does |to |the |body
Four |major |pharmacokinetic |processes |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |drug |absorption
2. |drug |distribution
3. |drug |metabolism
4. |drug |excretion
Collectively, |these |processes |can |be |thought |of |as |the |impact |of |the |body |on |drugs.
Pharmacodynamics |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-The |study |of |what |drugs |do |to |the |body |and |how |they |
do |it |
Once |a |drug |has |reached |its |sites |of |action, |pharmacodynamic |processes |determine |the |nature |and |
intensity |of |the |response. |Pharmacodynamics |can |be |thought |of |as |the |impact |of |drugs |on |the |body.
Sources |of |individual |variation |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Physiologic |variables
(Age, |gender, |and |weight)
2. |Pathologic |variables
(Diminished |function |of |kidneys |and |liver)
3. |Genetic |variables
with correct answers
Drug |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-any |chemical |that |can |affect |living |processes
Pharmacology |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-the |study |of |drugs |and |their |interactions |with |living |systems
Clinical |Pharmacology |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Study |of |drugs |in |humans
Therapeutics |(pharmacotherapeutics) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-The |use |of |drugs |to |diagnose, |prevent, |
or |treat |disease |or |to |prevent |pregnancy
therapeutic |objective |of |drug |therapy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-to |provide |maximum |benefit |with |
minimum |harm
Three |most |important |properties |of |an |ideal |drug |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Effectiveness
2. |Safety
3. |Selectivity
Effectiveness |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-most |important |property |a |drug |can |have. |If |the |medication |
doesn't |do |what |it |is |intended |to |do—there |is |no |justification |for |giving |it. |Current |U.S. |law |requires |
that |all |new |drugs |be |proved |effective |prior |to |release |for |marketing.
Safety |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Drug |cannot |produce |harmful |effects |- |even |if |administered |in |very |
high |doses |and |for |a |very |long |time.
Selectivity |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Drug |elicits |only |the |response |for |which |it |is |given |(There |is |no |
such |thing |as |a |wholly |selective |drug |because |all |drugs |cause |side |effects)
Factors |that |determine |the |Intensity |of |drug |response |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Administration
, 2. |Pharmacokinetics
3. |Pharmacodynamics |
4. |Sources |of |Individual |Variation
Administration |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-The |drug |dosage, |route, |and |timing |of |administration |are |
important |determinants |of |drug |responses. |Unfortunately, |drugs |are |not |always |taken |or |
administered |as |prescribed. |The |result |may |be |toxicity |if |the |dosage |is |too |high |or |treatment |failure |if
|the |dosage |is |too |low.
Sometimes |patients |do |not |take |medicine |as |prescribed. |This |is |called |poor |adherence. |To |help |
minimize |errors |caused |by |poor |adherence, |you |should |give |patients |complete |instructions |about |
their |medication |and |how |to |take |it.
Pharmacokinetics |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Processes |determine |how |much |of |an |administered |dose |
gets |to |its |sites |of |action
The |study |of |drug |movement |throughout |the |body |i.e. |what |the |drug |does |to |the |body
Four |major |pharmacokinetic |processes |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |drug |absorption
2. |drug |distribution
3. |drug |metabolism
4. |drug |excretion
Collectively, |these |processes |can |be |thought |of |as |the |impact |of |the |body |on |drugs.
Pharmacodynamics |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-The |study |of |what |drugs |do |to |the |body |and |how |they |
do |it |
Once |a |drug |has |reached |its |sites |of |action, |pharmacodynamic |processes |determine |the |nature |and |
intensity |of |the |response. |Pharmacodynamics |can |be |thought |of |as |the |impact |of |drugs |on |the |body.
Sources |of |individual |variation |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Physiologic |variables
(Age, |gender, |and |weight)
2. |Pathologic |variables
(Diminished |function |of |kidneys |and |liver)
3. |Genetic |variables
