PAEA Pediatrics EOR FINAL EXAM 2025 LATEST UPDATED ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWERS 100%
VERIFIED GET A+
what is the MC conjunctivitis seen in children? what is the cause? source? - (Correct
Answer)viral conjunctivitis; Adenovirus; swimming pools
Dx? preauricular lymphadenopathy, copious watery eye discharge, scanty mucoid discharge,
usually unilateral with punctate staining on slit lamp examination; Tx? - (Correct Answer)dx:
viral conjunctivitis
tx: supportive (cool compresses, artificial tears) +/- antihistamines for itching (Olopatadine)
Dx? bilateral eye itching, tearing, redness, string discharge, chemosis (conjunctival swelling)
心的坚强决定了我们的命运。当
with cobblestone appearance to inner/upper eyelids; Tx? - (Correct Answer)dx: allergic
conjunctivitis 我们面对挫折时，是一颗不屈的
tx: topical antihistamines (H1 blockers) (Olopatadine, Pheniramine/Naphazoline, Emedastine),
心让我们勇敢前行
topical NSAID (ketorolac), topical corticosteroids (but s/e of long term use = glaucoma,
cataracts, HSV keratitis)
Dx? purulent eye discharge, lid crusting, no visual changes, absence of ciliary injection; Tx? -
(Correct Answer)dx: bacterial conjunctivitis (MC S. aureus, Strep pneumo, H. influenzae)
tx: topical abx (erythromycin, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides); if contact lens
wearer cover for pseudomonas w/ fluoroquinolone or aminoglycoside
if bacterial conjunctivitis is found to be chlamydia or gonorrhea what is the tx? - (Correct
Answer)admit for IV and topical abx (ophtho emergency)
-gonoccoccal: IV ceftriaxone + topical
-chlamydia: IV azithromycin
,neonatal conjunctivitis is aka? if left untreated can develop what? - (Correct Answer)ophthalmia
neonatorum; corneal ulceration, opacification/scarring, visual impairment/blindness
standard prophylaxis given immediately after birth to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal
conjunctivitis) includes: - (Correct Answer)erythromycin ointment, tetracycline ointment, silver
nitrate, or povidone-iodine
if ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis) develops on day 1 after birth what is the most
likely cause? day 2-5? day 5-7? day 7-11? - (Correct Answer)day 1: silver nitrate (chemical
cause- prophylaxis is what can cause the condition)
day 2-5: gonococcal
day 5-7: chlamydia
day 7-11: HSV
心的坚强决定了我们的命运。当
orbital (septal) cellulitis is usually secondary to _________ infection in most commonly what
age group? - (Correct Answer)sinus; 我们面对挫折时，是一颗不屈的
7-12y; other causes include dental/facial infxns or
bacteremia 心让我们勇敢前行
what is the most common sinus infection (90%) that causes secondary orbital cellulitis? what
organisms are the cause? - (Correct Answer)ethmoid; S. aureus, Strep. pneumo, GABHS (Strep.
pyogenes), H. influenzae
work up/Dx? decreased vision, pain w/ ocular movement, proptosis (bulging eye), eyelid
erythema and edema; tx? - (Correct Answer)dx: orbital cellulitis
work up: CT scan (showing infxn of fat & ocular muscles) or MRI
tx: IV antibiotics (Vanc, Clinda, Cefotaxime, Ampicillin/Sulbactam)
what is the difference b/t orbital (septal) cellulitis and preseptal cellulitis? - (Correct
Answer)preseptal may still have ocular pain, redness and swelling but NO visual changes or pain
w/ ocular mvmt (hasn't affected the muscles)
,misalignment of the eyes is aka? when does stable ocular alignment present in infants? - (Correct
Answer)strabismus; 2-3 mos
convergent strabismus is aka? divergent strabismus is aka? - (Correct Answer)convergent:
esotropia (deviated inward "cross eyed")
divergent: exotropia (deviated ouward)
a + Hirschberg corneal light reflex test, diplopia, scotomas (blind spots), or amblyopia (lazy eye)
are clinical manifestations of what condition? what other tests can be performed? - (Correct
Answer)strabismus; cover-uncover test to determine the angle of strabismus, cover test,
convergence testing
how can strabismus be treated? - (Correct Answer)-patch therapy: normal eye is covered to
stimulate and strengthen the affected eye
-eyeglasses 心的坚强决定了我们的命运。当
我们面对挫折时，是一颗不屈的
-corrective therapy: if severe or unresponsive to conservative therapy
心让我们勇敢前行
if not treated before 2 y/o, amblyopia may occur and cause decreased visual acuity that is not
correctable
Dx? 1-2 days of ear pain, pruritis in the ear canal, auricular discharge, pressure/fullness, hearing
usually preserved, pain with tug test and tragus pressure, auditory canal erythema/edema/debris,
recent swimming pool use; MC organisms? Tx? - (Correct Answer)Dx: otitis externa
MC organisms: *pseudomonas*, proteus, s. aureus, s. epidermis, GABHS, anaerobes
(peptostreptococcus), aspergillus
Tx: 1. protect ear against moisture (isopropyl alcohol and acetic acid) 2.
ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone (ofloxacin safe if there is an associated TM perf) 3.
Aminoglycoside combo (neomycin/polytrim-B/hydrocortisone -BUT not used if perf suspected
bc ototoxic 4. amphotericin B if fungal
, malignant otitis externa is osteomyelitis at the skull base secondary to ___________ infxn; MC
seen in what pt populations; Tx? - (Correct Answer)pseudomonas; MC in DM and
immunocompromised pts; Tx w/ IV Ceftazidime or Piperacillin + FQ or Aminoglycoside
acute otitis media is an infection of the middle ear, temporal bone and mastoid air cells that is
MC preceded by - (Correct Answer)a viral URI that causes edema of eustachian tube, negative
pressure, transudation of fluid and mucus in middle ear that allows for bacterial growth
what are the 4 MC organisms seen in acute otitis media? - (Correct Answer)*Strep pneumo*, H.
influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis, Strep pyogenes (same as seen in acute sinusitis)
Dx: fever, otalgia, ear tugging in infants, conductive hearing loss, stuffiness, possible drainage
from ear, bulging/erythematous TM w/ effusion, dec TM mobility on pneumatic otoscopy; Tx? -
(Correct Answer)dx: acute otitis media
tx: 1st line- amoxicillin, 2nd line-心的坚强决定了我们的命运。当
augmentin (amoxicillin-clavulate); if PCN allergy-
azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin-sulfisoxazole, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, if
PCN adverse effect but not allergy- 我们面对挫折时，是一颗不屈的
ceftriaxone, cefdinir, cefixine
心让我们勇敢前行
don't forget to treat pain as well (ibuprofen or tylenol); can also perform myringotomy (surgical
drainage) to relieve pain
tympanostomy if recurrent >4 times in 1 yr
if bullae are seen on the TM of a pt with AOM what should you suspect? - (Correct
Answer)mycoplasma pneumoniae
Dx? deep ear pain (worse at night), fever, mastoid tenderness and possibly fluctuance (abscess),
following AOM infxn; complications? - (Correct Answer)-dx: mastoiditis (inflammation of the
mastoid air cells of the temporal bone- mastoid and middle ear are connected)
-complications: hearing loss, labyrinthitis, vertigo, CN VII paralysis, brain abscess
how is mastoiditis diagnosed and treated? - (Correct Answer)dx: by CT scan is 1st line test
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWERS 100%
VERIFIED GET A+
what is the MC conjunctivitis seen in children? what is the cause? source? - (Correct
Answer)viral conjunctivitis; Adenovirus; swimming pools
Dx? preauricular lymphadenopathy, copious watery eye discharge, scanty mucoid discharge,
usually unilateral with punctate staining on slit lamp examination; Tx? - (Correct Answer)dx:
viral conjunctivitis
tx: supportive (cool compresses, artificial tears) +/- antihistamines for itching (Olopatadine)
Dx? bilateral eye itching, tearing, redness, string discharge, chemosis (conjunctival swelling)
心的坚强决定了我们的命运。当
with cobblestone appearance to inner/upper eyelids; Tx? - (Correct Answer)dx: allergic
conjunctivitis 我们面对挫折时，是一颗不屈的
tx: topical antihistamines (H1 blockers) (Olopatadine, Pheniramine/Naphazoline, Emedastine),
心让我们勇敢前行
topical NSAID (ketorolac), topical corticosteroids (but s/e of long term use = glaucoma,
cataracts, HSV keratitis)
Dx? purulent eye discharge, lid crusting, no visual changes, absence of ciliary injection; Tx? -
(Correct Answer)dx: bacterial conjunctivitis (MC S. aureus, Strep pneumo, H. influenzae)
tx: topical abx (erythromycin, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides); if contact lens
wearer cover for pseudomonas w/ fluoroquinolone or aminoglycoside
if bacterial conjunctivitis is found to be chlamydia or gonorrhea what is the tx? - (Correct
Answer)admit for IV and topical abx (ophtho emergency)
-gonoccoccal: IV ceftriaxone + topical
-chlamydia: IV azithromycin
,neonatal conjunctivitis is aka? if left untreated can develop what? - (Correct Answer)ophthalmia
neonatorum; corneal ulceration, opacification/scarring, visual impairment/blindness
standard prophylaxis given immediately after birth to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal
conjunctivitis) includes: - (Correct Answer)erythromycin ointment, tetracycline ointment, silver
nitrate, or povidone-iodine
if ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis) develops on day 1 after birth what is the most
likely cause? day 2-5? day 5-7? day 7-11? - (Correct Answer)day 1: silver nitrate (chemical
cause- prophylaxis is what can cause the condition)
day 2-5: gonococcal
day 5-7: chlamydia
day 7-11: HSV
心的坚强决定了我们的命运。当
orbital (septal) cellulitis is usually secondary to _________ infection in most commonly what
age group? - (Correct Answer)sinus; 我们面对挫折时，是一颗不屈的
7-12y; other causes include dental/facial infxns or
bacteremia 心让我们勇敢前行
what is the most common sinus infection (90%) that causes secondary orbital cellulitis? what
organisms are the cause? - (Correct Answer)ethmoid; S. aureus, Strep. pneumo, GABHS (Strep.
pyogenes), H. influenzae
work up/Dx? decreased vision, pain w/ ocular movement, proptosis (bulging eye), eyelid
erythema and edema; tx? - (Correct Answer)dx: orbital cellulitis
work up: CT scan (showing infxn of fat & ocular muscles) or MRI
tx: IV antibiotics (Vanc, Clinda, Cefotaxime, Ampicillin/Sulbactam)
what is the difference b/t orbital (septal) cellulitis and preseptal cellulitis? - (Correct
Answer)preseptal may still have ocular pain, redness and swelling but NO visual changes or pain
w/ ocular mvmt (hasn't affected the muscles)
,misalignment of the eyes is aka? when does stable ocular alignment present in infants? - (Correct
Answer)strabismus; 2-3 mos
convergent strabismus is aka? divergent strabismus is aka? - (Correct Answer)convergent:
esotropia (deviated inward "cross eyed")
divergent: exotropia (deviated ouward)
a + Hirschberg corneal light reflex test, diplopia, scotomas (blind spots), or amblyopia (lazy eye)
are clinical manifestations of what condition? what other tests can be performed? - (Correct
Answer)strabismus; cover-uncover test to determine the angle of strabismus, cover test,
convergence testing
how can strabismus be treated? - (Correct Answer)-patch therapy: normal eye is covered to
stimulate and strengthen the affected eye
-eyeglasses 心的坚强决定了我们的命运。当
我们面对挫折时，是一颗不屈的
-corrective therapy: if severe or unresponsive to conservative therapy
心让我们勇敢前行
if not treated before 2 y/o, amblyopia may occur and cause decreased visual acuity that is not
correctable
Dx? 1-2 days of ear pain, pruritis in the ear canal, auricular discharge, pressure/fullness, hearing
usually preserved, pain with tug test and tragus pressure, auditory canal erythema/edema/debris,
recent swimming pool use; MC organisms? Tx? - (Correct Answer)Dx: otitis externa
MC organisms: *pseudomonas*, proteus, s. aureus, s. epidermis, GABHS, anaerobes
(peptostreptococcus), aspergillus
Tx: 1. protect ear against moisture (isopropyl alcohol and acetic acid) 2.
ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone (ofloxacin safe if there is an associated TM perf) 3.
Aminoglycoside combo (neomycin/polytrim-B/hydrocortisone -BUT not used if perf suspected
bc ototoxic 4. amphotericin B if fungal
, malignant otitis externa is osteomyelitis at the skull base secondary to ___________ infxn; MC
seen in what pt populations; Tx? - (Correct Answer)pseudomonas; MC in DM and
immunocompromised pts; Tx w/ IV Ceftazidime or Piperacillin + FQ or Aminoglycoside
acute otitis media is an infection of the middle ear, temporal bone and mastoid air cells that is
MC preceded by - (Correct Answer)a viral URI that causes edema of eustachian tube, negative
pressure, transudation of fluid and mucus in middle ear that allows for bacterial growth
what are the 4 MC organisms seen in acute otitis media? - (Correct Answer)*Strep pneumo*, H.
influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis, Strep pyogenes (same as seen in acute sinusitis)
Dx: fever, otalgia, ear tugging in infants, conductive hearing loss, stuffiness, possible drainage
from ear, bulging/erythematous TM w/ effusion, dec TM mobility on pneumatic otoscopy; Tx? -
(Correct Answer)dx: acute otitis media
tx: 1st line- amoxicillin, 2nd line-心的坚强决定了我们的命运。当
augmentin (amoxicillin-clavulate); if PCN allergy-
azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin-sulfisoxazole, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, if
PCN adverse effect but not allergy- 我们面对挫折时，是一颗不屈的
ceftriaxone, cefdinir, cefixine
心让我们勇敢前行
don't forget to treat pain as well (ibuprofen or tylenol); can also perform myringotomy (surgical
drainage) to relieve pain
tympanostomy if recurrent >4 times in 1 yr
if bullae are seen on the TM of a pt with AOM what should you suspect? - (Correct
Answer)mycoplasma pneumoniae
Dx? deep ear pain (worse at night), fever, mastoid tenderness and possibly fluctuance (abscess),
following AOM infxn; complications? - (Correct Answer)-dx: mastoiditis (inflammation of the
mastoid air cells of the temporal bone- mastoid and middle ear are connected)
-complications: hearing loss, labyrinthitis, vertigo, CN VII paralysis, brain abscess
how is mastoiditis diagnosed and treated? - (Correct Answer)dx: by CT scan is 1st line test
