©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:36 PM A+
NSG 323 Exam 2 Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
What is BP? - Answer✔Force exerted by blood against vessel wall
What is BP regulated by? - Answer✔BP has short term and long term regulatory systems
short term: nervous and endothelial
long term: endocrine and renal system
What is HTN? - Answer✔HTN is an increase in BP either in the systolic or diastolic measurement
or both.
normal bp = ~130 or 120/80 mmHg
HTN = diastolic >130 OR
HTN = systolic >80
what is HTN BP classified on? what must you do before determining it is HTN? - Answer✔BP
classification is based on 2 or more readings, performed on BOTH arms, on 2 SEPARATE
occasions
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:36 PM A+
stages of HTN - Answer✔3 stages
1. elevated BP
2. HTN stage 1
3. HTN stage 2
elevated BP = - Answer✔systolic: 120-129 AND
diastolic: <80
in elevated BP, only the systolic BP is elevated; diastolic is normal
stage 1 HTN = - Answer✔systolic: 130-139 OR
diastolic: 80-89
either systolic OR diastolic is slightly elevated (not both, one remains normal)
stage 2 HTN = - Answer✔diastolic: >140 OR
systolic: >90
again, either one is elevated but the margin of elevation is greater than that of stage 1 HTN
what is a hallmark of HTN? - Answer✔increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
SVR = force/resistance opposing the movement of blood within bvs
-when SVR increases, heart has to work harder to pump and eject blood thus increasing BP
what are some reasons for increased SVR? - Answer✔reasons for ^ SVR = reasons for ^ BP
2
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:36 PM A+
1. sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stimulation -- causes vasoconstriction (alpha adrenergic
receptors are stimulated)
2. neurohormonal release -- release of angiotensin (RAAS) and NE cause vasoconstriction
3. increased sodium intake
4. gender, ethnicity, biological predispositions
5. CVD risk factors (defects in glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism are common in HTN)
what is the difference btwn primary HTN and secondary? - Answer✔Primary:
-idiopathic, NO identifiable cause
-often associated w/ no symp
-majority of HTN cases ~90-95%
Secondary:
-has identifiable and underlying cause
-will experience symp i.e. high BP
-only makes up ~5-10%
-should be suspected in ppl that suddenly dev HTN
what is a marker for primary HTN? - Answer✔endothelial dysfunction -- leads to reduced ability
to vasodilation and increased tendency to vasoconstrict
what is another name for primary HTN? - Answer✔the silent killer bc it is often asymptomatic
until it becomes severe and target organ damage occurs
3
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:36 PM A+
although primary HTN doesn't have an identifiable cause, what are some symptoms you may
experience? - Answer✔-H/A
-dizziness, fatigue
-vision problems; seeing stars or black spots
-nosebleeds
-SOB
what are some underlying causes that may contribute to secondary HTN? - Answer✔-cirrhosis
-coarction or narrowing of aorta
-drug r/t: PO contraceptives, estrogen replacement therapy, NSAIDs, SNS stims (cocaine,
MAOIs)
-endocrine dso: cushings, thyroid issues
-neurologic dso
-renal probs
-pregnancy induced
what is t(x) of secondary HTN aimed at? - Answer✔aimed at eliminating or t(x)ing the
underlying cause
HTN prevalence in males vs females - Answer✔Men:
-HTN more common BEFORE early middle age
Women:
-HTN more common AFTER age 64; partly due to menopausal factors (hormones, weight gain,
etc)
-HTN 2-3x MORE common in women who take PO contraceptives
-harder to control in older women than younger
4
NSG 323 Exam 2 Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
What is BP? - Answer✔Force exerted by blood against vessel wall
What is BP regulated by? - Answer✔BP has short term and long term regulatory systems
short term: nervous and endothelial
long term: endocrine and renal system
What is HTN? - Answer✔HTN is an increase in BP either in the systolic or diastolic measurement
or both.
normal bp = ~130 or 120/80 mmHg
HTN = diastolic >130 OR
HTN = systolic >80
what is HTN BP classified on? what must you do before determining it is HTN? - Answer✔BP
classification is based on 2 or more readings, performed on BOTH arms, on 2 SEPARATE
occasions
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:36 PM A+
stages of HTN - Answer✔3 stages
1. elevated BP
2. HTN stage 1
3. HTN stage 2
elevated BP = - Answer✔systolic: 120-129 AND
diastolic: <80
in elevated BP, only the systolic BP is elevated; diastolic is normal
stage 1 HTN = - Answer✔systolic: 130-139 OR
diastolic: 80-89
either systolic OR diastolic is slightly elevated (not both, one remains normal)
stage 2 HTN = - Answer✔diastolic: >140 OR
systolic: >90
again, either one is elevated but the margin of elevation is greater than that of stage 1 HTN
what is a hallmark of HTN? - Answer✔increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
SVR = force/resistance opposing the movement of blood within bvs
-when SVR increases, heart has to work harder to pump and eject blood thus increasing BP
what are some reasons for increased SVR? - Answer✔reasons for ^ SVR = reasons for ^ BP
2
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:36 PM A+
1. sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stimulation -- causes vasoconstriction (alpha adrenergic
receptors are stimulated)
2. neurohormonal release -- release of angiotensin (RAAS) and NE cause vasoconstriction
3. increased sodium intake
4. gender, ethnicity, biological predispositions
5. CVD risk factors (defects in glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism are common in HTN)
what is the difference btwn primary HTN and secondary? - Answer✔Primary:
-idiopathic, NO identifiable cause
-often associated w/ no symp
-majority of HTN cases ~90-95%
Secondary:
-has identifiable and underlying cause
-will experience symp i.e. high BP
-only makes up ~5-10%
-should be suspected in ppl that suddenly dev HTN
what is a marker for primary HTN? - Answer✔endothelial dysfunction -- leads to reduced ability
to vasodilation and increased tendency to vasoconstrict
what is another name for primary HTN? - Answer✔the silent killer bc it is often asymptomatic
until it becomes severe and target organ damage occurs
3
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:36 PM A+
although primary HTN doesn't have an identifiable cause, what are some symptoms you may
experience? - Answer✔-H/A
-dizziness, fatigue
-vision problems; seeing stars or black spots
-nosebleeds
-SOB
what are some underlying causes that may contribute to secondary HTN? - Answer✔-cirrhosis
-coarction or narrowing of aorta
-drug r/t: PO contraceptives, estrogen replacement therapy, NSAIDs, SNS stims (cocaine,
MAOIs)
-endocrine dso: cushings, thyroid issues
-neurologic dso
-renal probs
-pregnancy induced
what is t(x) of secondary HTN aimed at? - Answer✔aimed at eliminating or t(x)ing the
underlying cause
HTN prevalence in males vs females - Answer✔Men:
-HTN more common BEFORE early middle age
Women:
-HTN more common AFTER age 64; partly due to menopausal factors (hormones, weight gain,
etc)
-HTN 2-3x MORE common in women who take PO contraceptives
-harder to control in older women than younger
4
