PKSC 1020 TEST 3 – BATT|| 2025
LATEST UPDATE|| CORRECT 100%
Definition of Packaging in a dictionary - ANSWER "A protective unit for storing or
shipping a commodity" (too limiting.)
Definition of Packaging in a textbook - ANSWER "Coordinated system of preparing
goods for transport , distribution, storage, retailing and use of goods." (still doesn't cover
it well)
How the Clemson Packaging Program defines it - ANSWER "It is a field that involves
the use of materials, methods and machinery (3M,s) to develop and produce the
packages that protect and preserve a product, help market the product and instruct the
consumer in its proper use."
Earliest packaging - ANSWER Consider what life was like in ancient days
Packaging provided simple function of containment
Earliest packages were from natural sources (grass, seashells, wood)
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
3000 B.C - ANSWER Egyptians learn to blow and cast glass
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
105 A.D - ANSWER Paper was invented in China
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
c. 1500 - ANSWER Cork stopper used for wine bottles (First protective packaging)
without you get "spontaneous generation"--- pasture bends flask
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1809 - ANSWER Nicholas Appert- Canning process
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1810 - ANSWER Peter Durand- Develops "canister"
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1868 - ANSWER John Hyatt - patent for celluloid, leading to development of cellulose,
first "plastic"
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
c. 1895 - ANSWER Toothpaste first offered in tubes
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1877 - ANSWER Quaker oats first used the "Quaker man" to represent their product
,Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1897 - ANSWER First major use of paperboard for National Biscuit Company "Unedda"
Biscuit product
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
Late 1800's- early 1900's - ANSWER First major use of graphics to sell product
End of Industrial Revolution and around WWII - ANSWER Movement from bulk
packaging to retail packaging
Illustrates how social changes interact with packaging developments
End of Industrial Revolution and around WWII
1930 - ANSWER polyethylene discovered in England, eventually one of the most
commonly used packaging plastics (ziploc)
Late 20th Century Packaging
1950's-60's - ANSWER Convience and Brand expansion
Late 20th Century Packaging
1970's - ANSWER Improvements in distribution
Late 20th Century Packaging
1980's - ANSWER Improvements barrier films and microwave packages
Late 20th Century Packaging
1990's - ANSWER Environmental awareness and market globalization
Late 20th Century Packaging
1954 - ANSWER Polypropylene second most used packaging plastic
Late 20th Century Packaging
1960-1970 - ANSWER Laws clarified and improved
Late 20th Century Packaging
1987 - ANSWER NJ enacts the first statewide recycling law
Late 20th Century Packaging
1990 - ANSWER Nutritional Labeling and Education Act
Review of Timelines
Earliest - ANSWER (Unrecorded)
Review of Timelines
Ancient Man-made - ANSWER (3000 B.C- 1500)
, Review of Timelines
Industrial Revolution Developments - ANSWER (1800's to early 1900's)
Review of Timelines
Late 20th Century - ANSWER (Post WWII - present)
Importance of packaging to society - ANSWER Essential for us to have and get what we
want
Reduces waste
In underdeveloped countries - ANSWER 50% of food produced never reaches
consumers
In U.S. - ANSWER Only 3% for Processed food and 10-15% for fresh is wasted
Future Trends - ANSWER Away from glass and metal toward plastics and composites
Away from toward flexible and semi-rigid
Metallized instead of foil laminates
Tamper evident and anti-theft devices
More informative ex.) OTC drug pkgs
Convenience ex.) easy open/reseal
Reduced packaging
Incorporation of more recycled materials
More technically complex packaging:breathable, temp. sensors, oxygen absorbers,
holographic images
Packaging Users/Producers - ANSWER Most companies are either users or suppliers
Some larger companies can be users and suppliers
A raw material producer may also be a converter
Packaging Functions Overview - ANSWER Contain
Protect/ Preserve
Inform/ Sell
Provide convenience or utility of use
Levels of Packaging
Primary - ANSWER Package directly in contact with the product
Ex. Cereal bag inside a box
Levels of Packaging
Secondary - ANSWER Package holding one or more primary package
Ex. Box holding bagged cereal
Levels of Packaging
Tertiary - ANSWER Shipping or distribution package, "shippers"
Ex. Corrugated box used to ship a number of cereal boxes
LATEST UPDATE|| CORRECT 100%
Definition of Packaging in a dictionary - ANSWER "A protective unit for storing or
shipping a commodity" (too limiting.)
Definition of Packaging in a textbook - ANSWER "Coordinated system of preparing
goods for transport , distribution, storage, retailing and use of goods." (still doesn't cover
it well)
How the Clemson Packaging Program defines it - ANSWER "It is a field that involves
the use of materials, methods and machinery (3M,s) to develop and produce the
packages that protect and preserve a product, help market the product and instruct the
consumer in its proper use."
Earliest packaging - ANSWER Consider what life was like in ancient days
Packaging provided simple function of containment
Earliest packages were from natural sources (grass, seashells, wood)
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
3000 B.C - ANSWER Egyptians learn to blow and cast glass
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
105 A.D - ANSWER Paper was invented in China
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
c. 1500 - ANSWER Cork stopper used for wine bottles (First protective packaging)
without you get "spontaneous generation"--- pasture bends flask
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1809 - ANSWER Nicholas Appert- Canning process
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1810 - ANSWER Peter Durand- Develops "canister"
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1868 - ANSWER John Hyatt - patent for celluloid, leading to development of cellulose,
first "plastic"
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
c. 1895 - ANSWER Toothpaste first offered in tubes
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1877 - ANSWER Quaker oats first used the "Quaker man" to represent their product
,Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1897 - ANSWER First major use of paperboard for National Biscuit Company "Unedda"
Biscuit product
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
Late 1800's- early 1900's - ANSWER First major use of graphics to sell product
End of Industrial Revolution and around WWII - ANSWER Movement from bulk
packaging to retail packaging
Illustrates how social changes interact with packaging developments
End of Industrial Revolution and around WWII
1930 - ANSWER polyethylene discovered in England, eventually one of the most
commonly used packaging plastics (ziploc)
Late 20th Century Packaging
1950's-60's - ANSWER Convience and Brand expansion
Late 20th Century Packaging
1970's - ANSWER Improvements in distribution
Late 20th Century Packaging
1980's - ANSWER Improvements barrier films and microwave packages
Late 20th Century Packaging
1990's - ANSWER Environmental awareness and market globalization
Late 20th Century Packaging
1954 - ANSWER Polypropylene second most used packaging plastic
Late 20th Century Packaging
1960-1970 - ANSWER Laws clarified and improved
Late 20th Century Packaging
1987 - ANSWER NJ enacts the first statewide recycling law
Late 20th Century Packaging
1990 - ANSWER Nutritional Labeling and Education Act
Review of Timelines
Earliest - ANSWER (Unrecorded)
Review of Timelines
Ancient Man-made - ANSWER (3000 B.C- 1500)
, Review of Timelines
Industrial Revolution Developments - ANSWER (1800's to early 1900's)
Review of Timelines
Late 20th Century - ANSWER (Post WWII - present)
Importance of packaging to society - ANSWER Essential for us to have and get what we
want
Reduces waste
In underdeveloped countries - ANSWER 50% of food produced never reaches
consumers
In U.S. - ANSWER Only 3% for Processed food and 10-15% for fresh is wasted
Future Trends - ANSWER Away from glass and metal toward plastics and composites
Away from toward flexible and semi-rigid
Metallized instead of foil laminates
Tamper evident and anti-theft devices
More informative ex.) OTC drug pkgs
Convenience ex.) easy open/reseal
Reduced packaging
Incorporation of more recycled materials
More technically complex packaging:breathable, temp. sensors, oxygen absorbers,
holographic images
Packaging Users/Producers - ANSWER Most companies are either users or suppliers
Some larger companies can be users and suppliers
A raw material producer may also be a converter
Packaging Functions Overview - ANSWER Contain
Protect/ Preserve
Inform/ Sell
Provide convenience or utility of use
Levels of Packaging
Primary - ANSWER Package directly in contact with the product
Ex. Cereal bag inside a box
Levels of Packaging
Secondary - ANSWER Package holding one or more primary package
Ex. Box holding bagged cereal
Levels of Packaging
Tertiary - ANSWER Shipping or distribution package, "shippers"
Ex. Corrugated box used to ship a number of cereal boxes
