CLEMSON PKSC 1020 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
three basic forms of testing - ANSWER quality testing, environmental testing, shipping &
abuse testing
quality testing - ANSWER uses standard methods and machines to determine quality of
materials or combo of materials (how smooth, how much water vapor transmission)
environmental testing (definition) - ANSWER subjecting manufactured packages to the
environment it may be exposed to in the real world or simulated real world simulations
(packages fully made & approved)
accelerated aging - ANSWER process of elevating conditions to speed testing
-Reaction rate doubles with every 10 degree C rise in temperature (Q10 law)
-Add temp in increments of 10 to best test for shelf life of product for over any amount of
time
functions of environmental testing - ANSWER involves accelerated aging, measures
effects of environment on product and package and effects on product on the package
during storage
shock & vibration testing (transportation/distribution testing) - ANSWER how packages
stand up to rigors of shipping, storage and handling, sophisticated machines used to
simulate conditions (1 hour on vibration table = 100 truck miles)
advantages of shock and vibration testing - ANSWER short testing time, uniformity,
variability
ASTM - ANSWER American Society for Testing and Materials
TAPPI - ANSWER Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industries
FPA - ANSWER Flexible Packaging Association
ABA - ANSWER American Boxboard Association
ISTA - ANSWER International Safe Transit Association
what do standard conditions help with? - ANSWER eliminates variables due to changes
in climate or season, without them, specific climate/season package is passing in will
impact the product significantly different
, quality tests for paper - ANSWER tensile strength & elongation, Mullen Burst test,
stiffness, opacity
quality tests for plastic - ANSWER gloss, haze or clarity
slip, blocking, static
impact fatigue
flex resistance
permeability testing
blocking - ANSWER how much plastic sticks/slides around
permeability testing - ANSWER cc/mil/100in^2 for 24 hours
Mocon method for O2, CO2 and WVTR
Cup method for WVTR (weighing cup w/ evaporation)
quality tests for inks, lacquers, adhesives - ANSWER weight per gallon, total solids,
Zahn cup (viscosity), printing characteristics (adhesion)
adhesion test - ANSWER Scotch tape test: ripping tape off of graphic print
Sutherland rub test: ink adhesion to substrate, rub against a glass bottle to check for
runoff/scar)
Reasons for Identification of Unknown Materials - ANSWER duplicate competitors
package, check competition for patent infringement
environmental testing - ANSWER -Use controlled atmosphere chambers (for
temperature and humidity)
-Duplicate normal storage conditions in a store or warehouse OR extreme conditions
that might be encountered
shelf life determination - ANSWER package or packaging materials, packaged goods,
effect on environment (temp and humidity)
simulated test - ANSWER Drop, impact, vibration, compression, climatic conditions
(purpose: for uniformity and shorter test time)
actual test - ANSWER loading packages into actual vehicles and transporting
drop 17.1 - ANSWER 90-100% of next day air parcels are dropped 30 inches or more
drop 17.2 - ANSWER lighter weight packages are dropped at greater heights
shock 17.3 - ANSWER average impact speed is ~5 mph
shock 17.4 - ANSWER thicker cushion absorbs more energy and allows greater static
load (more stacking/packing)
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
three basic forms of testing - ANSWER quality testing, environmental testing, shipping &
abuse testing
quality testing - ANSWER uses standard methods and machines to determine quality of
materials or combo of materials (how smooth, how much water vapor transmission)
environmental testing (definition) - ANSWER subjecting manufactured packages to the
environment it may be exposed to in the real world or simulated real world simulations
(packages fully made & approved)
accelerated aging - ANSWER process of elevating conditions to speed testing
-Reaction rate doubles with every 10 degree C rise in temperature (Q10 law)
-Add temp in increments of 10 to best test for shelf life of product for over any amount of
time
functions of environmental testing - ANSWER involves accelerated aging, measures
effects of environment on product and package and effects on product on the package
during storage
shock & vibration testing (transportation/distribution testing) - ANSWER how packages
stand up to rigors of shipping, storage and handling, sophisticated machines used to
simulate conditions (1 hour on vibration table = 100 truck miles)
advantages of shock and vibration testing - ANSWER short testing time, uniformity,
variability
ASTM - ANSWER American Society for Testing and Materials
TAPPI - ANSWER Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industries
FPA - ANSWER Flexible Packaging Association
ABA - ANSWER American Boxboard Association
ISTA - ANSWER International Safe Transit Association
what do standard conditions help with? - ANSWER eliminates variables due to changes
in climate or season, without them, specific climate/season package is passing in will
impact the product significantly different
, quality tests for paper - ANSWER tensile strength & elongation, Mullen Burst test,
stiffness, opacity
quality tests for plastic - ANSWER gloss, haze or clarity
slip, blocking, static
impact fatigue
flex resistance
permeability testing
blocking - ANSWER how much plastic sticks/slides around
permeability testing - ANSWER cc/mil/100in^2 for 24 hours
Mocon method for O2, CO2 and WVTR
Cup method for WVTR (weighing cup w/ evaporation)
quality tests for inks, lacquers, adhesives - ANSWER weight per gallon, total solids,
Zahn cup (viscosity), printing characteristics (adhesion)
adhesion test - ANSWER Scotch tape test: ripping tape off of graphic print
Sutherland rub test: ink adhesion to substrate, rub against a glass bottle to check for
runoff/scar)
Reasons for Identification of Unknown Materials - ANSWER duplicate competitors
package, check competition for patent infringement
environmental testing - ANSWER -Use controlled atmosphere chambers (for
temperature and humidity)
-Duplicate normal storage conditions in a store or warehouse OR extreme conditions
that might be encountered
shelf life determination - ANSWER package or packaging materials, packaged goods,
effect on environment (temp and humidity)
simulated test - ANSWER Drop, impact, vibration, compression, climatic conditions
(purpose: for uniformity and shorter test time)
actual test - ANSWER loading packages into actual vehicles and transporting
drop 17.1 - ANSWER 90-100% of next day air parcels are dropped 30 inches or more
drop 17.2 - ANSWER lighter weight packages are dropped at greater heights
shock 17.3 - ANSWER average impact speed is ~5 mph
shock 17.4 - ANSWER thicker cushion absorbs more energy and allows greater static
load (more stacking/packing)
