©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 5:17 PM A+
CISSN Study Guide Exam Questions And
Answers |Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Based on recent studies, which vitamin shows evidence of positively affecting muscle function?
- Answer✔vitamin D
the primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES appear to be carbohydrate and/or caffeine.
True or False - Answer✔true. caffeine is the most common ingredient utilized in energy drinks.
the ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been well established
but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in ED and ES remains to be
determined. True or False - Answer✔true
consuming ED 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness, anaerobic
performance, and/or endurance performance. True or false - Answer✔false not anaerobic
performance. only aerobic endurance
what effect does long-term coffee consumption have on type 2 diabetes? - Answer✔results
suggest that moderate consumption of both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee may lower
risk of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women. coffee constituents other than
caffeine may affect the development of type 2 diabetes.
when glycogen stores are depleted, what macronutrient becomes the predominant fuel source
during distance running? - Answer✔Fat (oxidation)
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 5:17 PM A+
how many extra kcal are required for accumulation of 1 kg of body fat? -
Answer✔approximately 7000
what are the effects of pre-exercise dehydration on thermoregulation and performance -
Answer✔decreased thermoregulation and performance
what effects can a low-carbohydrate diet have on prolonged physical activity. -
Answer✔decreased glycogen synthesis, decreased performance, overreaching/overtraining.
- increase usage of fat oxidation
approximately how many days of heat exposure does it take to fully acclimate to exercising in
the heat? - Answer✔complete acclimation takes up to 14 days
what is a Bod-Pod - Answer✔a body composition recording device that uses air displacement
plethysmography
- DXA is most accurate
compare fat and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise. under what conditions does one fuel
source predominate over the other - Answer✔a. fat oxidation primarily occurs at low intensity
long duration exercise
b. carbohydrates are oxidized preferentially during higher intensity exercise
what effect does betaine supplementation have on exercise performance? - Answer✔a. betaine
supplementation improves muscular endurance in active college age males
b. has been shown to increase power, force, and maintenance *****
c. loading phase (4 weeks) of beta-alanine supplementation is essential for increasing carnosine
levels. thus carnosine plays a significant roe in buffering exercise induced acidosis
2
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 5:17 PM A+
chronic heavy resistance training causes what adaptations in skeletal muscle - Answer✔a.
increase in muscle strength and size (hypertrophy of cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers)
b. greater increase in type 2 muscle fibers
c. shift in fiber type 2b to 2a
regular aerobic training causes what adaptation in skeletal muscle - Answer✔1. increased
oxidative capacity, increased number and size of mitochondria
2. adaptation of muscle fibers: type 2A to type 1 slow twitch, meaning there is more muscles
fibers to carry out aerobic
ATP production.
2.increase oxidation of fats and glycogen
3. decreased lactic acid production
4. increased AVO2 Diff.
5. increase in enzymes of metabolic pathways involved in oxidative metabolism
- succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, (krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle)
what percentage of creatine is stored in skeletal muscle - Answer✔95% - 2/3rds stored as
phosphocreatine (PCr)
what is beta-alanine and what does it do when ingested during intense training? - Answer✔1.
naturally occurring amino acid
2. not used to make protein in the body (so it is not a protein building block)
3. rate limiting precursor to carnosine synthesis
4. beta-alanine supplementation has been shown to increase muscle carnosine concentrations
and attenuate exercise induced reductions in pH supporting the concept that carnosine plays a
significant role in buffering exercise-induced acidosis.
- 3- 6g recommended
3
CISSN Study Guide Exam Questions And
Answers |Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Based on recent studies, which vitamin shows evidence of positively affecting muscle function?
- Answer✔vitamin D
the primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES appear to be carbohydrate and/or caffeine.
True or False - Answer✔true. caffeine is the most common ingredient utilized in energy drinks.
the ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been well established
but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in ED and ES remains to be
determined. True or False - Answer✔true
consuming ED 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness, anaerobic
performance, and/or endurance performance. True or false - Answer✔false not anaerobic
performance. only aerobic endurance
what effect does long-term coffee consumption have on type 2 diabetes? - Answer✔results
suggest that moderate consumption of both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee may lower
risk of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women. coffee constituents other than
caffeine may affect the development of type 2 diabetes.
when glycogen stores are depleted, what macronutrient becomes the predominant fuel source
during distance running? - Answer✔Fat (oxidation)
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 5:17 PM A+
how many extra kcal are required for accumulation of 1 kg of body fat? -
Answer✔approximately 7000
what are the effects of pre-exercise dehydration on thermoregulation and performance -
Answer✔decreased thermoregulation and performance
what effects can a low-carbohydrate diet have on prolonged physical activity. -
Answer✔decreased glycogen synthesis, decreased performance, overreaching/overtraining.
- increase usage of fat oxidation
approximately how many days of heat exposure does it take to fully acclimate to exercising in
the heat? - Answer✔complete acclimation takes up to 14 days
what is a Bod-Pod - Answer✔a body composition recording device that uses air displacement
plethysmography
- DXA is most accurate
compare fat and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise. under what conditions does one fuel
source predominate over the other - Answer✔a. fat oxidation primarily occurs at low intensity
long duration exercise
b. carbohydrates are oxidized preferentially during higher intensity exercise
what effect does betaine supplementation have on exercise performance? - Answer✔a. betaine
supplementation improves muscular endurance in active college age males
b. has been shown to increase power, force, and maintenance *****
c. loading phase (4 weeks) of beta-alanine supplementation is essential for increasing carnosine
levels. thus carnosine plays a significant roe in buffering exercise induced acidosis
2
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 5:17 PM A+
chronic heavy resistance training causes what adaptations in skeletal muscle - Answer✔a.
increase in muscle strength and size (hypertrophy of cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers)
b. greater increase in type 2 muscle fibers
c. shift in fiber type 2b to 2a
regular aerobic training causes what adaptation in skeletal muscle - Answer✔1. increased
oxidative capacity, increased number and size of mitochondria
2. adaptation of muscle fibers: type 2A to type 1 slow twitch, meaning there is more muscles
fibers to carry out aerobic
ATP production.
2.increase oxidation of fats and glycogen
3. decreased lactic acid production
4. increased AVO2 Diff.
5. increase in enzymes of metabolic pathways involved in oxidative metabolism
- succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, (krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle)
what percentage of creatine is stored in skeletal muscle - Answer✔95% - 2/3rds stored as
phosphocreatine (PCr)
what is beta-alanine and what does it do when ingested during intense training? - Answer✔1.
naturally occurring amino acid
2. not used to make protein in the body (so it is not a protein building block)
3. rate limiting precursor to carnosine synthesis
4. beta-alanine supplementation has been shown to increase muscle carnosine concentrations
and attenuate exercise induced reductions in pH supporting the concept that carnosine plays a
significant role in buffering exercise-induced acidosis.
- 3- 6g recommended
3
