PSIO 305 EXAM 1 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
✔✔hypocortisolism in PTSD results in which of the following abnormalities in the
immune system? - ✔✔A+B+C
✔✔ The ultimate goal of physiological stress response is to__ - ✔✔maintain or regain
homeostasis
✔✔Which of the following is incorrect? - ✔✔cortisol activates sympathetic system
✔✔Adrenalectomy - ✔✔
✔✔Which of the following statement is true? - ✔✔people with pre-existing
hypocortisolism is more likely to develop PTSD
✔✔Dorsal root of the spinal nerve contains - ✔✔visceral sensory nerve fibers
✔✔Which of the following statements is incorrect about neuromodulators? - ✔✔the
neuromodulator released from a synapse can act only on the target neuron
✔✔Cytokines can send information about the immune system to the brain by the
following means except: - ✔✔diffusing through the pores in brain blood capillaries
✔✔Which of the following is NOT a viable strategy to erase fear memory? - ✔✔go
though repeated extinction training when the fear memory is already long-term
✔✔Amygdala is NOT required for - ✔✔innate fear induced by suffocation
✔✔Lesions to anterior cingulate cortex will impair which one of the follow - ✔✔context-
dependent extinction of learned fear response
✔✔Which of the following statement is NOT true about PTSD? - ✔✔cortisol level is high
✔✔Which of the following statement is true about Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)?
- ✔✔C and D (SNS causes vasodilation to blood vessels in skeleton muscle & SNS
influence skeleton muscle function by stimulating glycogenolysis
✔✔During early phases of acute stress, activity increases in the following systems
except__ - ✔✔parasympathetic
✔✔During acute stress, which of the following system is activated first? -
✔✔sympathetic
, ✔✔Cell bodies of the spinal sensory nerve are located in - ✔✔dorsal root ganglion
✔✔Which of the following types of cells can perform phagocytosis? - ✔✔microglia
✔✔Lateral horn of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of - ✔✔pre-ganglionic autonomic
nerves
✔✔Which of the following is a mechanism underlying emotional memory disorder in
PTSD? - ✔✔all of above
✔✔Which of the following processes will NOT be impaired by hippocampal lesions -
✔✔learning to ride a bicycle
✔✔Hippocampal lesions will cause the following impairments EXCEPT - ✔✔
✔✔Which of the following is NOT a symptom of PTSD? - ✔✔repeated thinking and
talking about the traumatic event
✔✔Which part of the brain structure is highly connected with the forebrain - ✔✔midbrain
✔✔Reticular formation is located in - ✔✔brainstem
✔✔If a rat is exposed to a brief tone followed by foot shocks, it will learn to freeze to the
tone. This is a type of fear learning. It is a form of - ✔✔
✔✔Which of the following types of synaptic plasticity best models associate learning
such as tone-conditioned fear learning? - ✔✔associate LTP
✔✔Which of the following statement is correct regarding NMDA receptors - ✔✔All of
above
✔✔If some synapses on a neuron are potentiated by high frequency stimulation at 100
Hz, all synapses on that neuron are potentiated. This is called associative long-term
potentiation. - ✔✔False
✔✔Which of the following statement is INCORRECT regarding a protein receptor that
carries out sensory transduction? - ✔✔It always depolarizes the sensory receptor cell
✔✔Which of the following state is INCORRECT about receptor potential - ✔✔it is
generated in sensory neurons
✔✔Odorant receptors are - ✔✔G-protein coupled receptors
GRADED A+
✔✔hypocortisolism in PTSD results in which of the following abnormalities in the
immune system? - ✔✔A+B+C
✔✔ The ultimate goal of physiological stress response is to__ - ✔✔maintain or regain
homeostasis
✔✔Which of the following is incorrect? - ✔✔cortisol activates sympathetic system
✔✔Adrenalectomy - ✔✔
✔✔Which of the following statement is true? - ✔✔people with pre-existing
hypocortisolism is more likely to develop PTSD
✔✔Dorsal root of the spinal nerve contains - ✔✔visceral sensory nerve fibers
✔✔Which of the following statements is incorrect about neuromodulators? - ✔✔the
neuromodulator released from a synapse can act only on the target neuron
✔✔Cytokines can send information about the immune system to the brain by the
following means except: - ✔✔diffusing through the pores in brain blood capillaries
✔✔Which of the following is NOT a viable strategy to erase fear memory? - ✔✔go
though repeated extinction training when the fear memory is already long-term
✔✔Amygdala is NOT required for - ✔✔innate fear induced by suffocation
✔✔Lesions to anterior cingulate cortex will impair which one of the follow - ✔✔context-
dependent extinction of learned fear response
✔✔Which of the following statement is NOT true about PTSD? - ✔✔cortisol level is high
✔✔Which of the following statement is true about Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)?
- ✔✔C and D (SNS causes vasodilation to blood vessels in skeleton muscle & SNS
influence skeleton muscle function by stimulating glycogenolysis
✔✔During early phases of acute stress, activity increases in the following systems
except__ - ✔✔parasympathetic
✔✔During acute stress, which of the following system is activated first? -
✔✔sympathetic
, ✔✔Cell bodies of the spinal sensory nerve are located in - ✔✔dorsal root ganglion
✔✔Which of the following types of cells can perform phagocytosis? - ✔✔microglia
✔✔Lateral horn of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of - ✔✔pre-ganglionic autonomic
nerves
✔✔Which of the following is a mechanism underlying emotional memory disorder in
PTSD? - ✔✔all of above
✔✔Which of the following processes will NOT be impaired by hippocampal lesions -
✔✔learning to ride a bicycle
✔✔Hippocampal lesions will cause the following impairments EXCEPT - ✔✔
✔✔Which of the following is NOT a symptom of PTSD? - ✔✔repeated thinking and
talking about the traumatic event
✔✔Which part of the brain structure is highly connected with the forebrain - ✔✔midbrain
✔✔Reticular formation is located in - ✔✔brainstem
✔✔If a rat is exposed to a brief tone followed by foot shocks, it will learn to freeze to the
tone. This is a type of fear learning. It is a form of - ✔✔
✔✔Which of the following types of synaptic plasticity best models associate learning
such as tone-conditioned fear learning? - ✔✔associate LTP
✔✔Which of the following statement is correct regarding NMDA receptors - ✔✔All of
above
✔✔If some synapses on a neuron are potentiated by high frequency stimulation at 100
Hz, all synapses on that neuron are potentiated. This is called associative long-term
potentiation. - ✔✔False
✔✔Which of the following statement is INCORRECT regarding a protein receptor that
carries out sensory transduction? - ✔✔It always depolarizes the sensory receptor cell
✔✔Which of the following state is INCORRECT about receptor potential - ✔✔it is
generated in sensory neurons
✔✔Odorant receptors are - ✔✔G-protein coupled receptors
