Pathophysiology Final Exam - (All Exam Questions)
1. is the primary driver of a type 1 hypersensitivity IgE mediated reaction
such as anaphalyxis.: Histamine
2. Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine. What is important about making the diagnosis of
scoliosis?: Diagnosis must be made prior to puberty as corrective treatment must be done prior to
this time.
3. Contusion: Discoloration of the skin caused by the presence of blood in the tissue.
4. Hematoma: An area of local hemorrhage where blood collects and clots.
5. Laceration: Where the skin is torn or cut, disrupting it's continuity
6. Papule: A small raised area of the skin
7. Petechiae: Pinpoint sized spots of bleeding under the skin or mucous membranes
8. Pustule: A small raised bump on the skin containing purulent material
9. Syndactyly: Webbing between the toes or fingers
10. Polydactyly: Extra toes or fingers
11. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH): Tested in infants with the Barlow Maneuver,
where the legs are moved about in a certain pattern to see if the femur interacts well with the
acetabulum
12. Clubfoot: Can be treated by a series of casting to the affected lower extremity to slowly move
the extremity into proper position.
13. Apoptosis is the process of natural cell death. When the cell dies, it's parts are released and
, Pathophysiology Final Exam - (All Exam Questions)
normally taken up to be recycled or excreted. In a person with
the immune system produces anti-nuclear antibiodies which cause a robust
general inflammatory response following cell apoptosis.: systemic lupus erythematosis
e.: A = Symp-
14. Please Complete the Diagram for the Chain of Infection Abov
toms
B = Resolution
15. What are 3 ways that cancer can spread to new tissues?: 1.) Growing into, or invading,
nearby normal tissue.
2.) Moving through the walls of nearby lymph nodes or blood vessels.
3.) Traveling through the lymphatic system and bloodstream to other parts of the body.
16. Paget Disease is initiated by the overactivity of which cell type?: Osteo- clasts
17. What are the 4 hallmark signs/symptoms of inflammation? In basic terms, what causes
each of these to occur?: Pain - The release of prostaglandins sensitizes neurons.
Heat - The increase in bloodflow warms the inflammed area.
, Pathophysiology Final Exam - (All Exam Questions)
Swelling - Increased permeability of blood vessels allow more fluid into the in- flammed space.
Redness - Vasodilation increases blood flow to the inflamed area.
18. Assess the X-ray below. Based on the images provided, provide a tion of the descrip-
bout in
fracture using the assessment requirements we talked a class.: Oblique Displaced
fracture of the femur
19. Elise, a school nurse, has started a campaign with her students promoting the use of
helmets at all times while riding a bicycle in order to prevent head injuries. Which type of
prevention is this?: Primary Prevention
20. Skin cancers are most likely to develop from which skin layer?: Basal Cell Layer
21. Elmer got his leg trapped in a machine that caught fire during the accident. He suffered
severe burns over his entire front and back of his left leg. His burns are deep and surprisingly
are not painful. Complete the following sentence: Elmer has suffered [A] burns over [B]
percent of his body.: A: Third degree ; B: 18%
22. Kristen had a fall which resulted in a fractured ulna to her right forearm. It was placed in
a cast for 6 weeks. Upon removing the cast, she noted that her right forearm was smaller
than her left one. The nurse explained that the muscle has gotten smaller because she has
not been using it. A decrease in the number of cells within a tissue, resulting in a smaller
, Pathophysiology Final Exam - (All Exam Questions)
tissue, is known as
.: Atrophy
23. AIDS develops when a threshold number of which cells are destroyed?: -
Helper t-cells
24. This dude has Vitiligo. What is the basic pathophysiological explanation for why he has
lves the dys-
these pale spots?: Vitiligo is a condition in which invo pots because
kin pigment
function of melanocytes. The woman shown in the picture has pale s in those spots
her melanocytes, the cells responsible for making the s melanin, are not producing
melanin as they are supposed to.
25. Please provide your definition of "HEALTH".: My definition of "HEALTH" is being strong
enough physically, mentally, and spiritually to carryout the everyday tasks of life with vigour and
joy.
26. Which progressive disease process' pathogenesis includes cartilage de- struction,
proinflammatory cytokines, and bone remodeling, often to a single joint?: Osteoarthritis
1. is the primary driver of a type 1 hypersensitivity IgE mediated reaction
such as anaphalyxis.: Histamine
2. Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine. What is important about making the diagnosis of
scoliosis?: Diagnosis must be made prior to puberty as corrective treatment must be done prior to
this time.
3. Contusion: Discoloration of the skin caused by the presence of blood in the tissue.
4. Hematoma: An area of local hemorrhage where blood collects and clots.
5. Laceration: Where the skin is torn or cut, disrupting it's continuity
6. Papule: A small raised area of the skin
7. Petechiae: Pinpoint sized spots of bleeding under the skin or mucous membranes
8. Pustule: A small raised bump on the skin containing purulent material
9. Syndactyly: Webbing between the toes or fingers
10. Polydactyly: Extra toes or fingers
11. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH): Tested in infants with the Barlow Maneuver,
where the legs are moved about in a certain pattern to see if the femur interacts well with the
acetabulum
12. Clubfoot: Can be treated by a series of casting to the affected lower extremity to slowly move
the extremity into proper position.
13. Apoptosis is the process of natural cell death. When the cell dies, it's parts are released and
, Pathophysiology Final Exam - (All Exam Questions)
normally taken up to be recycled or excreted. In a person with
the immune system produces anti-nuclear antibiodies which cause a robust
general inflammatory response following cell apoptosis.: systemic lupus erythematosis
e.: A = Symp-
14. Please Complete the Diagram for the Chain of Infection Abov
toms
B = Resolution
15. What are 3 ways that cancer can spread to new tissues?: 1.) Growing into, or invading,
nearby normal tissue.
2.) Moving through the walls of nearby lymph nodes or blood vessels.
3.) Traveling through the lymphatic system and bloodstream to other parts of the body.
16. Paget Disease is initiated by the overactivity of which cell type?: Osteo- clasts
17. What are the 4 hallmark signs/symptoms of inflammation? In basic terms, what causes
each of these to occur?: Pain - The release of prostaglandins sensitizes neurons.
Heat - The increase in bloodflow warms the inflammed area.
, Pathophysiology Final Exam - (All Exam Questions)
Swelling - Increased permeability of blood vessels allow more fluid into the in- flammed space.
Redness - Vasodilation increases blood flow to the inflamed area.
18. Assess the X-ray below. Based on the images provided, provide a tion of the descrip-
bout in
fracture using the assessment requirements we talked a class.: Oblique Displaced
fracture of the femur
19. Elise, a school nurse, has started a campaign with her students promoting the use of
helmets at all times while riding a bicycle in order to prevent head injuries. Which type of
prevention is this?: Primary Prevention
20. Skin cancers are most likely to develop from which skin layer?: Basal Cell Layer
21. Elmer got his leg trapped in a machine that caught fire during the accident. He suffered
severe burns over his entire front and back of his left leg. His burns are deep and surprisingly
are not painful. Complete the following sentence: Elmer has suffered [A] burns over [B]
percent of his body.: A: Third degree ; B: 18%
22. Kristen had a fall which resulted in a fractured ulna to her right forearm. It was placed in
a cast for 6 weeks. Upon removing the cast, she noted that her right forearm was smaller
than her left one. The nurse explained that the muscle has gotten smaller because she has
not been using it. A decrease in the number of cells within a tissue, resulting in a smaller
, Pathophysiology Final Exam - (All Exam Questions)
tissue, is known as
.: Atrophy
23. AIDS develops when a threshold number of which cells are destroyed?: -
Helper t-cells
24. This dude has Vitiligo. What is the basic pathophysiological explanation for why he has
lves the dys-
these pale spots?: Vitiligo is a condition in which invo pots because
kin pigment
function of melanocytes. The woman shown in the picture has pale s in those spots
her melanocytes, the cells responsible for making the s melanin, are not producing
melanin as they are supposed to.
25. Please provide your definition of "HEALTH".: My definition of "HEALTH" is being strong
enough physically, mentally, and spiritually to carryout the everyday tasks of life with vigour and
joy.
26. Which progressive disease process' pathogenesis includes cartilage de- struction,
proinflammatory cytokines, and bone remodeling, often to a single joint?: Osteoarthritis
