NUR 334: PHARMACOLOGY WITH VERIFIED
RATIONALIZED ANSWERS YEAR 2024/2025
Morphine - verified answers-opioid agonist; analgesic MOD-
SEV pain! Used: preop sedation, anxiety reduction
Opioid Agonist adverse Reactions - verified answers-
respiratory depression
orthostatic hypotension
constipation
Sedation, dizzy, lightheaded
Urine retention
Cough suppression
*abuse potential: tolerance and cross-opioid tolerance (larger
dose required for usual effect)
Opioid Agonist Contraindications/Precautions/Interactions -
verified answers-Contraindications: Pregnancy Risk, Kidney
failure, INC intracranial pressure, biliary colic, preterm labor
Precautions: sched 2 control substance, older adults/infants,
reduced respiratory reserve, head injury, inflammatory bowel
dx, prostatic enlargement, hypotension, hepatic and kidney dx
Interactions: CNS depressants INC CNS depression
(barbiturates, phenobarbital, benzodiazepine, alcohol)
-Antihistamines & Tricyclic antidepressants INC anticholinergic
effects (constipation, urinary retention)
-MAOIs may cause hyperpyrexic coma (excitation, seizures,
respiratory depression) with meperidine (Demerol)
-St John's wort INC sedation
butorphanol, pentazocine (Talwin, Talwin NX) - verified
answers-Opioid Agonist-Antagonist
Analgesia MOD - SEVERE pain
Anesthesia adjunct
, Opioid agonist-antagonist Contraindications, Precautions,
Interactions - verified answers-Contraindications: Acute
myocardial infarction, opioid dependence
Precautions: Hx substance abuse, schedule IV control
substance, cardiac insufficiency, reduced respiratory reserve,
head injury and inc intracranial pressure, hypertension,
hepatic/kidney dx
Interactions: CNS depressants INC CNS depression; tolerance
causes opioid effects to DEC
Aspirin (ASA), Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) - verified answers-
NSAIDS (COX1 & COX2 inhibitors)
Inflammation suppression, analgesia MILD - MOD pain, fever
reducer, dysmenorrhea, aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation
(blood thinner?)
NSAID Adverse Effects - verified answers-Gastric upset,
heartburn, gastric ulcers, bleeding (aspirin), kidney disfxn,
salicylism (aspirin), Reye's syndrome (aspirin),
Thromboembolic events (non-aspirin)
Opioid agonist-antagonist Adverse Reactions - verified
answers-Respiratory Depression (limited)
Sedation, dizzy, drowsy, headache
Nausea
INC cardiac workload
Abstinence Syndrome (hypertension, vomit, cramping in opioid
dependent clients)
Benzodiazepine Contras, Precautions, Interactions - verified
answers-Contras: pregnancy (teratogenic); Schedule IV
controlled, glaucoma, coma/shock/neonates, labor/delivery (IV
diazepam)
RATIONALIZED ANSWERS YEAR 2024/2025
Morphine - verified answers-opioid agonist; analgesic MOD-
SEV pain! Used: preop sedation, anxiety reduction
Opioid Agonist adverse Reactions - verified answers-
respiratory depression
orthostatic hypotension
constipation
Sedation, dizzy, lightheaded
Urine retention
Cough suppression
*abuse potential: tolerance and cross-opioid tolerance (larger
dose required for usual effect)
Opioid Agonist Contraindications/Precautions/Interactions -
verified answers-Contraindications: Pregnancy Risk, Kidney
failure, INC intracranial pressure, biliary colic, preterm labor
Precautions: sched 2 control substance, older adults/infants,
reduced respiratory reserve, head injury, inflammatory bowel
dx, prostatic enlargement, hypotension, hepatic and kidney dx
Interactions: CNS depressants INC CNS depression
(barbiturates, phenobarbital, benzodiazepine, alcohol)
-Antihistamines & Tricyclic antidepressants INC anticholinergic
effects (constipation, urinary retention)
-MAOIs may cause hyperpyrexic coma (excitation, seizures,
respiratory depression) with meperidine (Demerol)
-St John's wort INC sedation
butorphanol, pentazocine (Talwin, Talwin NX) - verified
answers-Opioid Agonist-Antagonist
Analgesia MOD - SEVERE pain
Anesthesia adjunct
, Opioid agonist-antagonist Contraindications, Precautions,
Interactions - verified answers-Contraindications: Acute
myocardial infarction, opioid dependence
Precautions: Hx substance abuse, schedule IV control
substance, cardiac insufficiency, reduced respiratory reserve,
head injury and inc intracranial pressure, hypertension,
hepatic/kidney dx
Interactions: CNS depressants INC CNS depression; tolerance
causes opioid effects to DEC
Aspirin (ASA), Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) - verified answers-
NSAIDS (COX1 & COX2 inhibitors)
Inflammation suppression, analgesia MILD - MOD pain, fever
reducer, dysmenorrhea, aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation
(blood thinner?)
NSAID Adverse Effects - verified answers-Gastric upset,
heartburn, gastric ulcers, bleeding (aspirin), kidney disfxn,
salicylism (aspirin), Reye's syndrome (aspirin),
Thromboembolic events (non-aspirin)
Opioid agonist-antagonist Adverse Reactions - verified
answers-Respiratory Depression (limited)
Sedation, dizzy, drowsy, headache
Nausea
INC cardiac workload
Abstinence Syndrome (hypertension, vomit, cramping in opioid
dependent clients)
Benzodiazepine Contras, Precautions, Interactions - verified
answers-Contras: pregnancy (teratogenic); Schedule IV
controlled, glaucoma, coma/shock/neonates, labor/delivery (IV
diazepam)
