Nurs 107 Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
too much ADH
retention, muscle
cramps, LOC
changes
● eliminate cause, give
diuretics, replace
sodium
tumors, head ● monitor I & O, LOC,
trauma, drugs
S/S fluid overload
leading to reabsorption of water by kidneys & hyponatremia
Key Points:
Too much ADH: Excess ADH leads to water retention by
the kidneys, causing fluid overload and dilution of sodium
in the blood (hyponatremia).
Symptoms:
o Retention of water: The kidneys reabsorb too much
water.
o Muscle cramps: Due to electrolyte imbalances,
particularly hyponatremia.
o Loss of consciousness (LOC) changes:
Hyponatremia can cause confusion, seizures, and even
coma if untreated.
, Causes:
o Tumors: Certain cancers (like lung cancer) can
produce ADH.
o Head trauma: Brain injury can affect ADH
regulation.
o Drugs: Some medications, such as antidepressants or
antipsychotics, can cause increased ADH secretion.
o Trauma: Injury to the brain can lead to increased
ADH secretion.
Management:
1. Eliminate the cause: Treat the underlying cause (e.g.,
remove a tumor, address drug side effects, or manage head
trauma).
2. Diuretics: Medications like furosemide may be used to
help the body excrete excess water.
3. Replace sodium: In cases of severe hyponatremia, sodium
replacement is crucial to restore balance.
Monitoring:
I & O (Input and Output): Carefully monitor fluid intake
and urinary output to assess fluid balance.
LOC: Monitor for changes in the level of consciousness as
hyponatremia can lead to neurological symptoms.
too much ADH
retention, muscle
cramps, LOC
changes
● eliminate cause, give
diuretics, replace
sodium
tumors, head ● monitor I & O, LOC,
trauma, drugs
S/S fluid overload
leading to reabsorption of water by kidneys & hyponatremia
Key Points:
Too much ADH: Excess ADH leads to water retention by
the kidneys, causing fluid overload and dilution of sodium
in the blood (hyponatremia).
Symptoms:
o Retention of water: The kidneys reabsorb too much
water.
o Muscle cramps: Due to electrolyte imbalances,
particularly hyponatremia.
o Loss of consciousness (LOC) changes:
Hyponatremia can cause confusion, seizures, and even
coma if untreated.
, Causes:
o Tumors: Certain cancers (like lung cancer) can
produce ADH.
o Head trauma: Brain injury can affect ADH
regulation.
o Drugs: Some medications, such as antidepressants or
antipsychotics, can cause increased ADH secretion.
o Trauma: Injury to the brain can lead to increased
ADH secretion.
Management:
1. Eliminate the cause: Treat the underlying cause (e.g.,
remove a tumor, address drug side effects, or manage head
trauma).
2. Diuretics: Medications like furosemide may be used to
help the body excrete excess water.
3. Replace sodium: In cases of severe hyponatremia, sodium
replacement is crucial to restore balance.
Monitoring:
I & O (Input and Output): Carefully monitor fluid intake
and urinary output to assess fluid balance.
LOC: Monitor for changes in the level of consciousness as
hyponatremia can lead to neurological symptoms.
