Introduction to IB SACA Inquiry Specific Concepts Unit One Exam 2025

Acculturation - Correct Ans-Cultural change related to contact with another culture. Agency - Correct Ans-This is the capacity of human beings to act in meaningful ways that affect their own lives and those of others. This may be constrained by class, gender, religion and social and cultural factors. This term implies that individuals have the capacity to create, change and influence events. Anthropological research that emphasizes this and focuses on humans acting to promote their interests and the interests of the groups to which they belong (although what constitutes "interest" may be subject to debate). Authority - Correct Ans-Power is exercised with the consent of others. Communication - Correct Ans-Language influences social life, forms social identity and group membership, organizes large-scale cultural beliefs and ideologies, and develops a common cultural representation of natural and social worlds. Conflict - Correct Ans-Disagreements between individuals, groups, cultures or societies may result from differences in interests, values or actions. This theory presents a lens, or framework, which can give anthropologists insight into the social impact of disharmony. Cultural Relativism - Correct Ans-Not making value judgments about cultural differences; understanding a different culture in its context. Diaspora - Correct Ans-The dispersal of peoples from homelands to establish new, migrated communities in other places. Enculturation - Correct Ans-The gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group. The transmission of culture from one generation to the next. Ethnicity - Correct Ans-A social group is connected by a shared understanding of cultural identity. Ethnocentrism - Correct Ans-The tendency to view the world only from the perspective of one's own culture; the inability to understand cultures different from one's own. Exclusion - Correct Ans-The failure of society to provide certain individuals and groups with those rights and benefits normally available to its members. Gender - Correct Ans-The culturally constructed distinctions between males and females. Hegemony - Correct Ans-The cultural or political dominance of one social group over others; cultural processes through which the ruling classes maintain their power. Ideology - Correct Ans-The system of social and moral ideas of a group of people; a commitment to central values. Inclusion - Correct Ans-A person or group is welcomed, represented and provided for by the community or wider society. Insider/outsider - Correct Ans-In field research, different viewpoints may be apparent: from within the social group (the perspective of the subject) and from outside (the perspective of the observer). Kinship - Correct Ans-The web or pattern of social relationships, which connects people through descent or marriage, although other forms of social connection may be included. Labour - Correct Ans-The efforts of individuals as workers in a capitalist context is considered a factor of production, along with land and capital, and is ascribed a value. The process of division of labour into specified tasks may be driven by gender. Liminality - Correct Ans-Participants in a rite of passage or ritual are temporarily literally and symbolically marginalized from their community. Status becomes ambiguous until they re-join their community and adopt their new status. This term may be more broadly used in the context of cultural change. Marginalization - Correct Ans-Relegating specific groups of people to the edge of society, economically, politically, culturally and socially; limiting their access to productive resources and avenues for the realization of their productive human potential. Modernization - Correct Ans-The adoption of characteristics of more developed societies by less developed societies, generally including the abandonment of some traditional practices. Personhood - Correct Ans-Culturally constructed concept of the individual human being, the "self". Race - Correct Ans-A socially constructed category of identification of people based on physical characteristics, ancestry, historical affiliation, or shared culture. In colonial times this term was used to support ethnocentric, prejudicial views. Religion - Correct Ans-A system of symbols that acts to establish understandings of existence is such a way that it is realistic to its followers. This is generally supported and perpetuated by ritual. Ritual - Correct Ans-A formalized event, the rules of which are determined by the traditions of a social group, characterized by symbolism and performance. Religion is a significant context for the practice of rituals, but the scope of ritual behavior extends to other areas.