Chapter 5 – Tissues
Groups of Cells that have the same Form or Function.
Four Major Tissue Types :
1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous
1. Epithelial Tissue
A. Lining, Covering and Glandular Functions.
1) Lines the inside of hollow body cavities such as the inside of the
nose and mouth, the digestive tract, the Urinary Bladder,
the Heart, the Uterus, the Blood Vessels, etc.
2) Covers the body – the outer skin, and covers many of the internal
organs (i.e. the Viscera).
3) Glands – specialized Epithelial Cells that make and secrete a
product outside of their Cell bodies, such as sweat, oil,
digestive enzymes, etc.
B. Usually contains many Cells all tightly packed together.
C. Usually is Avascular – no direct blood supply within the Epithelium.
D. Can be Simple – one layer of Cells only, or Stratified – numerous layers
of Epithelial Cells.
E. Shape of Epithelial Cells :
1) Squamous – flat and thin, like a pancake.
2) Cuboidal – square shaped; sometimes appears to be round.
3) Columnar – the Cell is taller than it is wide.
4) Transitional – in the Urinary Bladder which stretches and retracts.
2. Connective Tissue
Originally named for Ligaments and Tendons, which Connect Bones to Bones
and Muscles to Bones, respectively. Ligaments and Tendons are also
called Connective Tissue “Proper”.
Groups of Cells that have the same Form or Function.
Four Major Tissue Types :
1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous
1. Epithelial Tissue
A. Lining, Covering and Glandular Functions.
1) Lines the inside of hollow body cavities such as the inside of the
nose and mouth, the digestive tract, the Urinary Bladder,
the Heart, the Uterus, the Blood Vessels, etc.
2) Covers the body – the outer skin, and covers many of the internal
organs (i.e. the Viscera).
3) Glands – specialized Epithelial Cells that make and secrete a
product outside of their Cell bodies, such as sweat, oil,
digestive enzymes, etc.
B. Usually contains many Cells all tightly packed together.
C. Usually is Avascular – no direct blood supply within the Epithelium.
D. Can be Simple – one layer of Cells only, or Stratified – numerous layers
of Epithelial Cells.
E. Shape of Epithelial Cells :
1) Squamous – flat and thin, like a pancake.
2) Cuboidal – square shaped; sometimes appears to be round.
3) Columnar – the Cell is taller than it is wide.
4) Transitional – in the Urinary Bladder which stretches and retracts.
2. Connective Tissue
Originally named for Ligaments and Tendons, which Connect Bones to Bones
and Muscles to Bones, respectively. Ligaments and Tendons are also
called Connective Tissue “Proper”.
