Organic Chemistry
Organic = Life. The Molecules of Life.
Organic Molecules Have a Core Backbone made of Carbon Atoms.
Carbon Atoms like to bind with other Carbon Atoms to make Carbon Chains.
1. Straight Chains.
2. Branched Chains.
3. Cyclical or Ring – Shaped Molecules.
Macro Organic Molecules = Primary Nutrients :
1. Carbohydrates – Sugars.
2. Lipids – Fats
3. Proteins – Made of Amino Acids.
CARBOHYDRATES - SUGARS :
1. Simple Sugars or Monosaccharides :
A. Glucose – THE Number 1 Most Important Nutrient for All Cells.
1) Glucose is found in Nature in berries and Vine - Ripened Fruits.
2) Glucose is Sweet Tasting.
3) Blood Sugar Tests for Diabetics Test for Glucose.
4) Diabetics Cannot effectively use Glucose as a Nutrient.
5) Glucose Is a six – sided Hexose Molecule.
B. Galactose
1. Galactose is found in Nature in Gums, Saps, Milk, Okra and
Aloe.
2. Galactose gives the product a gooey, gummy, slimy Texture.
, 3. Cells Cannot Use Galactose directly – Galactose has to be
Bioconverted Into Glucose and that requires ATP Energy.
4. Galactose is a six – sided Hexose Molecule, but slightly
different than Glucose.
C. Fructose
1. Fructose is found in Nature in Honey, Vine – Ripened Fruit
and Corn.
2. Fructose is a Five – sided Pentose Molecule.
3. Fructose Cannot be used directly in the Cell.
4. Fructose has to be Bioconverted into Glucose, and that
requires ATP Energy.
5. Many Nutritionists advise to limit Fructose intake.
Note : All three above Simple Sugars have the same Chemical Formula of
C6 – H12 – O6 but have different 3 – dimensional shapes or configurations.
Thus they are called Isomers.
CARBOHYDRATES – SUGARS :
2. Di – Sacharrides – Contain two Monosacharrides connected together.
A. Sucrose – Common Table Sugar.
B. Lactose – Milk.
C. Maltose – Wheat or Barley seeds that have started to Germinate.
Note : Many Di – Sacharrides are sweet to the taste.
CARBOHYDRATES - SUGARS :
3. Poly – Sacharrides – Many Glucose Molecules in a Long Chain.
A. Starch
1) Many Glucose Molecules Connected in Long Chains.
2. DIGESTIBLE as a Nutrient for Humans.
Organic = Life. The Molecules of Life.
Organic Molecules Have a Core Backbone made of Carbon Atoms.
Carbon Atoms like to bind with other Carbon Atoms to make Carbon Chains.
1. Straight Chains.
2. Branched Chains.
3. Cyclical or Ring – Shaped Molecules.
Macro Organic Molecules = Primary Nutrients :
1. Carbohydrates – Sugars.
2. Lipids – Fats
3. Proteins – Made of Amino Acids.
CARBOHYDRATES - SUGARS :
1. Simple Sugars or Monosaccharides :
A. Glucose – THE Number 1 Most Important Nutrient for All Cells.
1) Glucose is found in Nature in berries and Vine - Ripened Fruits.
2) Glucose is Sweet Tasting.
3) Blood Sugar Tests for Diabetics Test for Glucose.
4) Diabetics Cannot effectively use Glucose as a Nutrient.
5) Glucose Is a six – sided Hexose Molecule.
B. Galactose
1. Galactose is found in Nature in Gums, Saps, Milk, Okra and
Aloe.
2. Galactose gives the product a gooey, gummy, slimy Texture.
, 3. Cells Cannot Use Galactose directly – Galactose has to be
Bioconverted Into Glucose and that requires ATP Energy.
4. Galactose is a six – sided Hexose Molecule, but slightly
different than Glucose.
C. Fructose
1. Fructose is found in Nature in Honey, Vine – Ripened Fruit
and Corn.
2. Fructose is a Five – sided Pentose Molecule.
3. Fructose Cannot be used directly in the Cell.
4. Fructose has to be Bioconverted into Glucose, and that
requires ATP Energy.
5. Many Nutritionists advise to limit Fructose intake.
Note : All three above Simple Sugars have the same Chemical Formula of
C6 – H12 – O6 but have different 3 – dimensional shapes or configurations.
Thus they are called Isomers.
CARBOHYDRATES – SUGARS :
2. Di – Sacharrides – Contain two Monosacharrides connected together.
A. Sucrose – Common Table Sugar.
B. Lactose – Milk.
C. Maltose – Wheat or Barley seeds that have started to Germinate.
Note : Many Di – Sacharrides are sweet to the taste.
CARBOHYDRATES - SUGARS :
3. Poly – Sacharrides – Many Glucose Molecules in a Long Chain.
A. Starch
1) Many Glucose Molecules Connected in Long Chains.
2. DIGESTIBLE as a Nutrient for Humans.
