NUR100 Pharmacology
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. What is the primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers?
A. Blocking acetylcholine receptors
B. Inhibiting the release of norepinephrine
C. Blocking beta-adrenergic receptors to reduce heart rate and
blood pressure
D. Increasing calcium influx in cardiac cells
ANS: C. Blocking beta-adrenergic receptors to reduce heart
rate and blood pressure
Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease sympathetic stimulation,
lowering heart rate and cardiac workload.
©2025
,2. Which medication is classified as a loop diuretic?
A. Spironolactone
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Mannitol
ANS: B. Furosemide
Rationale: Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, inhibit sodium
and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle.
3. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioid
analgesics?
A. Diarrhea
B. Hypertension
C. Constipation
D. Tachycardia
ANS: C. Constipation
Rationale: Opioid analgesics reduce gastrointestinal motility,
leading to constipation.
4. Which antibiotic class is associated with ototoxicity as a
potential adverse effect?
A. Cephalosporins
©2025
, B. Aminoglycosides
C. Macrolides
D. Sulfonamides
ANS: B. Aminoglycosides
Rationale: Aminoglycosides can damage the auditory nerve,
causing hearing loss.
5. What is the primary purpose of warfarin therapy?
A. Reduce blood pressure
B. Prevent thromboembolic events by inhibiting vitamin K-
dependent clotting factors
C. Treat venous stasis ulcers
D. Increase platelet aggregation
ANS: B. Prevent thromboembolic events by inhibiting
vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
Rationale: Warfarin works as an anticoagulant by interfering
with the synthesis of clotting factors.
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Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The antidote for opioid overdose is ________.
©2025
, ANS: Naloxone
Rationale: Naloxone reverses respiratory depression caused by
opioid overdose by competitively binding to opioid receptors.
7. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors work by
blocking the conversion of ________ to ________, thereby
reducing blood pressure.
ANS: Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
Rationale: This action lowers vascular resistance and prevents
fluid retention.
8. The therapeutic range for digoxin is typically ________
ng/mL to avoid toxicity.
ANS: 0.5–2.0
Rationale: Digoxin levels above this range may result in toxic
effects, such as arrhythmias.
9. Acetaminophen overdose primarily affects the ________,
leading to toxicity.
ANS: Liver
Rationale: Acetaminophen overdose can cause hepatotoxicity
due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites.
©2025
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. What is the primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers?
A. Blocking acetylcholine receptors
B. Inhibiting the release of norepinephrine
C. Blocking beta-adrenergic receptors to reduce heart rate and
blood pressure
D. Increasing calcium influx in cardiac cells
ANS: C. Blocking beta-adrenergic receptors to reduce heart
rate and blood pressure
Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease sympathetic stimulation,
lowering heart rate and cardiac workload.
©2025
,2. Which medication is classified as a loop diuretic?
A. Spironolactone
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Mannitol
ANS: B. Furosemide
Rationale: Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, inhibit sodium
and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle.
3. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioid
analgesics?
A. Diarrhea
B. Hypertension
C. Constipation
D. Tachycardia
ANS: C. Constipation
Rationale: Opioid analgesics reduce gastrointestinal motility,
leading to constipation.
4. Which antibiotic class is associated with ototoxicity as a
potential adverse effect?
A. Cephalosporins
©2025
, B. Aminoglycosides
C. Macrolides
D. Sulfonamides
ANS: B. Aminoglycosides
Rationale: Aminoglycosides can damage the auditory nerve,
causing hearing loss.
5. What is the primary purpose of warfarin therapy?
A. Reduce blood pressure
B. Prevent thromboembolic events by inhibiting vitamin K-
dependent clotting factors
C. Treat venous stasis ulcers
D. Increase platelet aggregation
ANS: B. Prevent thromboembolic events by inhibiting
vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
Rationale: Warfarin works as an anticoagulant by interfering
with the synthesis of clotting factors.
---
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The antidote for opioid overdose is ________.
©2025
, ANS: Naloxone
Rationale: Naloxone reverses respiratory depression caused by
opioid overdose by competitively binding to opioid receptors.
7. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors work by
blocking the conversion of ________ to ________, thereby
reducing blood pressure.
ANS: Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
Rationale: This action lowers vascular resistance and prevents
fluid retention.
8. The therapeutic range for digoxin is typically ________
ng/mL to avoid toxicity.
ANS: 0.5–2.0
Rationale: Digoxin levels above this range may result in toxic
effects, such as arrhythmias.
9. Acetaminophen overdose primarily affects the ________,
leading to toxicity.
ANS: Liver
Rationale: Acetaminophen overdose can cause hepatotoxicity
due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites.
©2025
