NUR201 Medical Surgical Nursing
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which nursing intervention is a priority for a patient with
hypovolemic shock?
A. Administering diuretics
B. Ensuring fluid resuscitation with crystalloids or blood
products
C. Placing the patient in a high Fowler’s position
D. Restricting oral fluids
ANS: B. Ensuring fluid resuscitation with crystalloids or
blood products
Rationale: Restoring intravascular volume is critical to
stabilize the patient in hypovolemic shock.
©2025
,2. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with
metabolic alkalosis?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypophosphatemia
ANS: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Alkalosis leads to a shift of potassium into cells,
causing hypokalemia.
3. What is the primary goal of administering insulin to a patient
in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A. Reducing glucose excretion in urine
B. Promoting ketosis to provide cellular energy
C. Correcting hyperglycemia and reducing ketone production
D. Increasing hepatic glucose output
ANS: C. Correcting hyperglycemia and reducing ketone
production
Rationale: Insulin helps decrease glucose and ketone
production, resolving metabolic acidosis.
©2025
, 4. Which finding indicates acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)?
A. Hyperresonance on percussion
B. Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and refractory hypoxemia
C. Unilateral pleural effusion with normal oxygen saturation
D. Bronchial breath sounds over lung periphery
ANS: B. Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and refractory
hypoxemia
Rationale: ARDS is characterized by fluid-filled alveoli and
severe hypoxemia resistant to oxygen therapy.
5. What is the nurse’s immediate priority for a postoperative
patient with a sudden decrease in blood pressure and increased
heart rate?
A. Administering analgesics
B. Assessing for signs of bleeding or hypovolemia
C. Encouraging ambulation
D. Increasing oral fluid intake
ANS: B. Assessing for signs of bleeding or hypovolemia
Rationale: Hypotension and tachycardia may indicate
hemorrhage or hypovolemia, requiring rapid assessment and
intervention.
©2025
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which nursing intervention is a priority for a patient with
hypovolemic shock?
A. Administering diuretics
B. Ensuring fluid resuscitation with crystalloids or blood
products
C. Placing the patient in a high Fowler’s position
D. Restricting oral fluids
ANS: B. Ensuring fluid resuscitation with crystalloids or
blood products
Rationale: Restoring intravascular volume is critical to
stabilize the patient in hypovolemic shock.
©2025
,2. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with
metabolic alkalosis?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypophosphatemia
ANS: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Alkalosis leads to a shift of potassium into cells,
causing hypokalemia.
3. What is the primary goal of administering insulin to a patient
in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A. Reducing glucose excretion in urine
B. Promoting ketosis to provide cellular energy
C. Correcting hyperglycemia and reducing ketone production
D. Increasing hepatic glucose output
ANS: C. Correcting hyperglycemia and reducing ketone
production
Rationale: Insulin helps decrease glucose and ketone
production, resolving metabolic acidosis.
©2025
, 4. Which finding indicates acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)?
A. Hyperresonance on percussion
B. Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and refractory hypoxemia
C. Unilateral pleural effusion with normal oxygen saturation
D. Bronchial breath sounds over lung periphery
ANS: B. Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and refractory
hypoxemia
Rationale: ARDS is characterized by fluid-filled alveoli and
severe hypoxemia resistant to oxygen therapy.
5. What is the nurse’s immediate priority for a postoperative
patient with a sudden decrease in blood pressure and increased
heart rate?
A. Administering analgesics
B. Assessing for signs of bleeding or hypovolemia
C. Encouraging ambulation
D. Increasing oral fluid intake
ANS: B. Assessing for signs of bleeding or hypovolemia
Rationale: Hypotension and tachycardia may indicate
hemorrhage or hypovolemia, requiring rapid assessment and
intervention.
©2025
