Unitized Structural Body Repair
Datum Measurements - ANSWER-Taken at Datum plane, height differences between
reference points. Laser measuring system
Computerized Measuring System - ANSWER-compare data stored in a software
program or a central database. Get hard copy of measurements. Can watch while
pulling.
Steel - ANSWER-Cannot know what kind by visible. Must check service manual.
Tensile Strength - ANSWER-Amount of pressure/force necessary to fracture or tear
steel.
Yield Strength - ANSWER-Amount of force/pressure necessary to deform steel
permanently.
Indirect Damage - ANSWER-transmission of collision energy beyond the area of
immediate impact. Examples; Split seam sealers, pulled spot welds, misaligned panels,
buckles in steel, cracked glass, and cracked or chipped paint.
Passive Restraint Systems - ANSWER-Must have service manual. No two are alike.
Datum - ANSWER-Imaginary plane or line beneath the vehicle. Measures height.
Centerline - ANSWER-Vertical plane that passes from the front of the vehicle to the
rear. Measures Width. May have stamped marks on vehicle body structure. Is confirmed
by referencing at last 3 width measurements in the undamaged portion of the vehicle.
Zero Planes - ANSWER-Vertical plane that passes from side to side. Confirmed by
measuring 3 length measurements from the undamaged portion of the vehicle.
Symmetry - ANSWER-Equal on each side of the vehicle.
Asymmetrical - ANSWER-Unequal on each side of the vehicle. (spare tire well)
Reference Points - ANSWER-Bolts or nuts, Holes, Mechanical attachment points,
Edges of panels, Door strikers, Corner of openings. Common tolerance is =/.3mm (1/8)
or all the way to 1mm (1.32).
Loaded Measurements - ANSWER-Drivetrain In
Unloaded Measurements - ANSWER-Drivetrain out
, Unibody - ANSWER-Lightweight stamped sheet metal components that are welded to
each other to create a single unit.
Space Frame - ANSWER-Body panels can be made from plastic are steel. Steel may
be Mild, Intermediate, or HSS. Panels may hide damage to frame or structure.
Crush Zones - ANSWER-Structural components such as rails are designed to collapse
and bend at specific points.
Collision Energy Management - ANSWER-Goal is passenger protection. Front and rear
structures act as crush-able energy absorbers.
Direct Damage - ANSWER-POI. Easily located and diagnosed.
Point to Point Measurements - ANSWER-shortest distance between 2 reference points.
AKA "as the crow flies". Uses tram or steel tape measure.
PSI - ANSWER-Pounds per inch /// tensile and yield strengths are expressed. Higher
the number the stronger the steel.
Mild Steel - ANSWER-Cosmetic, used on Space frames, May be stressed relieved with
heat, tears can be welded without a loss of strength. Yield strength 30,000 PSI
Intermediate Steel - ANSWER-Yield strength 30,000-70,000 PSI, structural and
cosmetic, may be affected by excessive heat, small tears can be welded w/o loss of
strength.
High Strength Steel (HSS) - ANSWER-Yield strength between 30,000-100,000 PSI,
used in cosmetic and structural, is destroyed by exceeding temperature or time limits,
should be replaced if kinked or torn excess of 1/4 inch, should be straightened cold
whenever possible.
Ultra High Strength Steel (UHSS) - ANSWER-Very high yield strength exceeding
100,000 PSI, must never be repaired, door intrusion beams and re-bars.
MIG/GMAW Welding - ANSWER-
Stick-Arc, and Oxy-Acetylene - ANSWER-Are not recommended for unibody repair.
They heat up to large of an area that is not needed. you want to weld the smallest area
possible.
Compression Spot Welding - ANSWER-Used by manufactures, but is not
recommended for collision repair. Our equipment makes welds 70-80%of the strength of
manufactures. Manufactures may have technicians use but must follow service manual
and special procedures.
Datum Measurements - ANSWER-Taken at Datum plane, height differences between
reference points. Laser measuring system
Computerized Measuring System - ANSWER-compare data stored in a software
program or a central database. Get hard copy of measurements. Can watch while
pulling.
Steel - ANSWER-Cannot know what kind by visible. Must check service manual.
Tensile Strength - ANSWER-Amount of pressure/force necessary to fracture or tear
steel.
Yield Strength - ANSWER-Amount of force/pressure necessary to deform steel
permanently.
Indirect Damage - ANSWER-transmission of collision energy beyond the area of
immediate impact. Examples; Split seam sealers, pulled spot welds, misaligned panels,
buckles in steel, cracked glass, and cracked or chipped paint.
Passive Restraint Systems - ANSWER-Must have service manual. No two are alike.
Datum - ANSWER-Imaginary plane or line beneath the vehicle. Measures height.
Centerline - ANSWER-Vertical plane that passes from the front of the vehicle to the
rear. Measures Width. May have stamped marks on vehicle body structure. Is confirmed
by referencing at last 3 width measurements in the undamaged portion of the vehicle.
Zero Planes - ANSWER-Vertical plane that passes from side to side. Confirmed by
measuring 3 length measurements from the undamaged portion of the vehicle.
Symmetry - ANSWER-Equal on each side of the vehicle.
Asymmetrical - ANSWER-Unequal on each side of the vehicle. (spare tire well)
Reference Points - ANSWER-Bolts or nuts, Holes, Mechanical attachment points,
Edges of panels, Door strikers, Corner of openings. Common tolerance is =/.3mm (1/8)
or all the way to 1mm (1.32).
Loaded Measurements - ANSWER-Drivetrain In
Unloaded Measurements - ANSWER-Drivetrain out
, Unibody - ANSWER-Lightweight stamped sheet metal components that are welded to
each other to create a single unit.
Space Frame - ANSWER-Body panels can be made from plastic are steel. Steel may
be Mild, Intermediate, or HSS. Panels may hide damage to frame or structure.
Crush Zones - ANSWER-Structural components such as rails are designed to collapse
and bend at specific points.
Collision Energy Management - ANSWER-Goal is passenger protection. Front and rear
structures act as crush-able energy absorbers.
Direct Damage - ANSWER-POI. Easily located and diagnosed.
Point to Point Measurements - ANSWER-shortest distance between 2 reference points.
AKA "as the crow flies". Uses tram or steel tape measure.
PSI - ANSWER-Pounds per inch /// tensile and yield strengths are expressed. Higher
the number the stronger the steel.
Mild Steel - ANSWER-Cosmetic, used on Space frames, May be stressed relieved with
heat, tears can be welded without a loss of strength. Yield strength 30,000 PSI
Intermediate Steel - ANSWER-Yield strength 30,000-70,000 PSI, structural and
cosmetic, may be affected by excessive heat, small tears can be welded w/o loss of
strength.
High Strength Steel (HSS) - ANSWER-Yield strength between 30,000-100,000 PSI,
used in cosmetic and structural, is destroyed by exceeding temperature or time limits,
should be replaced if kinked or torn excess of 1/4 inch, should be straightened cold
whenever possible.
Ultra High Strength Steel (UHSS) - ANSWER-Very high yield strength exceeding
100,000 PSI, must never be repaired, door intrusion beams and re-bars.
MIG/GMAW Welding - ANSWER-
Stick-Arc, and Oxy-Acetylene - ANSWER-Are not recommended for unibody repair.
They heat up to large of an area that is not needed. you want to weld the smallest area
possible.
Compression Spot Welding - ANSWER-Used by manufactures, but is not
recommended for collision repair. Our equipment makes welds 70-80%of the strength of
manufactures. Manufactures may have technicians use but must follow service manual
and special procedures.
