FTCE: ESE (NavaEd Exam With Actual
Questions and answers REVISED EDITION
2025/2026
Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) - Correct Answers 2004; federal law that makes available
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
a free and appropriate public education for all children
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) - Correct Answers 1974; federal law that
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! protects the privacy of student education records II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Every student Succeeds Act (ESSA) - Correct Answers 2015; federal law that advances equity by
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! requiring that all students be taught high academic standards; mandates statewide assessment t
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! hat measure progress
II! II!
II! No Child Left Behind (NCLB) - Correct Answers 2002; federal law that introduced accountability
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! to public schools; Titles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Title I - Correct Answers improving academic education achievement of the disadvantaged
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Title II - Correct Answers preparing, training, and recruiting high quality teachers and principals
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Title III - Correct Answers language instruction for limited English proficient and immigrant
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! students
II! Title IV - Correct Answers 21st century schools; federal school grants for colleges and
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! universities
,II! Title V - Correct Answers promoting informed parental choice and innovative programs
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Title IV - Correct Answers flexibility and accountability; prohibits discrimination
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Race To The Top (RTTT) - Correct Answers 2009; competition between 46 states and DC to
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! implement college-ready reform plans; standards were created in collaboration by the states
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! The Consent Decree - Correct Answers 1970; addresses the rights of ELL students; grounded in
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! the 14th Amendment; requires instruction to be delivered in a free and comprehensive manner
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act - Correct Answers 1973; requires school districts to
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! provide a free appropriate education (FAPE) to each qualified student with a disability
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Americans with Disabilities Act - Correct Answers 1990; civil rights law that prohibits
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! discrimination based on disability; provides similar protections as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Correct Answers developmental disability affecting
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! verbal/nonverbal communication and social interaction which tends to have an impact on II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! educational performance; classified as OHI II! II! II! II!
II! deaf or hard-of-hearing - Correct Answers severe impairment that impedes the processing of
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! linguistic information through hearing without amplification; may have adverse effects on a
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! student's educational performance II! II!
II! developmentally delayed (DD) - Correct Answers student who is delayed in one or more of the II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! following areas: II!
adaptive or self-help development II! II! II!
cognitive development II!
communication development II!
,social/emotional development II!
physical/motor development II!
II! dual-sensory impaired (DSI) - Correct Answers simultaneous hearing and visual impairment II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! that causes severe communication, acquisition of communication, acquisition of information,
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! and functionality within the environment deficits
II! II! II! II! II!
II! emotion or behavioral disabilities (EBD) - Correct Answers one or more of the following
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! characteristics over a period of time to the extent that it adversely affects educational II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! performance
unexplained inability to learn II! II! II!
inability to maintain interpersonal relationships
II! II! II! II!
inappropriate types of behaviors or feelings II! II! II! II! II! II!
prevalent unhappiness or depression II! II! II!
II! homebound or hospitalized (HH) - Correct Answers restriction of activities over a period of time
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! based upon medical diagnosis or psychiatric condition; confines student to home or hospital
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! intellectual disabilities (InD) - Correct Answers significant subaverage general intellectual
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! functioning and deficits in adaptive behavior manifested during birth through age 19
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! other health impairment (OHI) - Correct Answers having limited strength, vitality or alertness
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! during a heightened alertness to environmental stimuli; results in limited alertness to the
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! educational environment and due to chronic health problems II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
these include: II!
asthma
ADD
ADHD
, diabetes
epilepsy
heart condition II!
hemophilia
lead poisoning
II!
leukemia
ASD
rheumatic fever II!
Tourette syndrome II!
sickle cell anemia
II! II!
II! orthopedic impairment (OI) - Correct Answers severe skeletal, muscular, or neuromuscular
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! impairment resulting from congenital anomalies and impairments from other causes
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! traumatic brain disorder (TBI) - Correct Answers injury to the brain caused by external force;
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! causes impairment in one or more of the following
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
cognition
language
memory
attention
reasoning
abstract thinking II!
judgement
problem-solving
sensory deficits II!
perceptual deficits II!
psychosocial behavior II!
Questions and answers REVISED EDITION
2025/2026
Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) - Correct Answers 2004; federal law that makes available
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
a free and appropriate public education for all children
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) - Correct Answers 1974; federal law that
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! protects the privacy of student education records II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Every student Succeeds Act (ESSA) - Correct Answers 2015; federal law that advances equity by
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! requiring that all students be taught high academic standards; mandates statewide assessment t
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! hat measure progress
II! II!
II! No Child Left Behind (NCLB) - Correct Answers 2002; federal law that introduced accountability
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! to public schools; Titles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Title I - Correct Answers improving academic education achievement of the disadvantaged
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Title II - Correct Answers preparing, training, and recruiting high quality teachers and principals
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Title III - Correct Answers language instruction for limited English proficient and immigrant
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! students
II! Title IV - Correct Answers 21st century schools; federal school grants for colleges and
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! universities
,II! Title V - Correct Answers promoting informed parental choice and innovative programs
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Title IV - Correct Answers flexibility and accountability; prohibits discrimination
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Race To The Top (RTTT) - Correct Answers 2009; competition between 46 states and DC to
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! implement college-ready reform plans; standards were created in collaboration by the states
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! The Consent Decree - Correct Answers 1970; addresses the rights of ELL students; grounded in
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! the 14th Amendment; requires instruction to be delivered in a free and comprehensive manner
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act - Correct Answers 1973; requires school districts to
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! provide a free appropriate education (FAPE) to each qualified student with a disability
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Americans with Disabilities Act - Correct Answers 1990; civil rights law that prohibits
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! discrimination based on disability; provides similar protections as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Correct Answers developmental disability affecting
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! verbal/nonverbal communication and social interaction which tends to have an impact on II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! educational performance; classified as OHI II! II! II! II!
II! deaf or hard-of-hearing - Correct Answers severe impairment that impedes the processing of
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! linguistic information through hearing without amplification; may have adverse effects on a
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! student's educational performance II! II!
II! developmentally delayed (DD) - Correct Answers student who is delayed in one or more of the II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! following areas: II!
adaptive or self-help development II! II! II!
cognitive development II!
communication development II!
,social/emotional development II!
physical/motor development II!
II! dual-sensory impaired (DSI) - Correct Answers simultaneous hearing and visual impairment II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! that causes severe communication, acquisition of communication, acquisition of information,
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! and functionality within the environment deficits
II! II! II! II! II!
II! emotion or behavioral disabilities (EBD) - Correct Answers one or more of the following
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! characteristics over a period of time to the extent that it adversely affects educational II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! performance
unexplained inability to learn II! II! II!
inability to maintain interpersonal relationships
II! II! II! II!
inappropriate types of behaviors or feelings II! II! II! II! II! II!
prevalent unhappiness or depression II! II! II!
II! homebound or hospitalized (HH) - Correct Answers restriction of activities over a period of time
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! based upon medical diagnosis or psychiatric condition; confines student to home or hospital
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! intellectual disabilities (InD) - Correct Answers significant subaverage general intellectual
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! functioning and deficits in adaptive behavior manifested during birth through age 19
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! other health impairment (OHI) - Correct Answers having limited strength, vitality or alertness
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! during a heightened alertness to environmental stimuli; results in limited alertness to the
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! educational environment and due to chronic health problems II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
these include: II!
asthma
ADD
ADHD
, diabetes
epilepsy
heart condition II!
hemophilia
lead poisoning
II!
leukemia
ASD
rheumatic fever II!
Tourette syndrome II!
sickle cell anemia
II! II!
II! orthopedic impairment (OI) - Correct Answers severe skeletal, muscular, or neuromuscular
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! impairment resulting from congenital anomalies and impairments from other causes
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! traumatic brain disorder (TBI) - Correct Answers injury to the brain caused by external force;
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! causes impairment in one or more of the following
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
cognition
language
memory
attention
reasoning
abstract thinking II!
judgement
problem-solving
sensory deficits II!
perceptual deficits II!
psychosocial behavior II!
