BIOS255 Comprehensive Exam Review Questions and Answers

BIOS255 Comprehensive Exam Review
Questions and Answers
HomeostasisA-AcorrectAanswers-*APresenceAofAstableAinternalAenvironment
*AFailureAtoAmaintainAhomeostasisAleadsAtoAillnessAorAdeath
HomeostaticARegulationA-AcorrectAanswers-
PhysiologicalAadjustmentAtoApreserveAhomeostasisAinAvariableAenvironments
FeedbackA-AcorrectAanswers-
StimulationAofAaAreceptorAtriggersAresponseAthatAchangesAenvironmentAatAthatArecepto
r
NegativeAFeedbackA-AcorrectAanswers-
*AEffectorAopposesAorAnegatesAtheAoriginalAstimulus
*AMinimizesAchange
*APrimaryAmechanismAofAhomeostaticAregulationAinAtheAbodyA
*ADynamicAprocess:ASetApointAvariesAwithAvaryingAenvironmentsA&AactivityAlevels
NegativeAFeedbackAReceptorsA-AcorrectAanswers-
TemperatureAreceptorsAinAskinA&AbrainAareAstimulatedA&AsendAsignalsAtoAtheAcontrolAce
nter
NegativeAFeedbackAControlACenterA-AcorrectAanswers-
TheAtemperatureAcontrolAcenterAreceivedAinformationAfromAtheAtwoAsetsAofAtemperatur
eAreceptorsA&AsendsAcommandsAtoAtheAeffectors
NegativeAFeedbackAEffectorsA-AcorrectAanswers-
SweatAglandsA&AsmoothAmuscleAinAtheAwallsAofAbloodAvesselsAsupplyingAtheAskinAresp
ond
PositiveAFeedbackA-AcorrectAanswers-
*AStimulusAproducesAaAresponseAthatAexaggeratesAorAenhancesAtheAoriginalAchangeA(r
atherAthanAopposingAit)
*ATendsAtoAproduceAextremeAresponses
*ADoesAnotArestoreAhomeostasis
PositiveAFeedbackALoopA-AcorrectAanswers-*AEscalatingAcycle
*ATypicallyAoccursAwhenAaApotentiallyAdangerousAorAstressfulAprocessAmustAbeAcomple
tedAquicklyAbeforeAtheAbodyAcanArestoreAhomeostasis
StepsAofAPositiveAFeedbackAinABloodAClottingA-AcorrectAanswers-
1.ADamageAtoAcellsAinAtheAbloodAvesselAwallAreleasesAchemicalsAthatAbeginAtheAproces
sAofAbloodAclotting
2.ATheAchemicalsAstartAchainAreactionsAinAwhichAcells,AcellAfragments,A&AsolubleAprotei
nsAinAtheAbloodAbeginAtoAformAaAclot
3.AAsAclottingAcontinues,AeachAstepAreleasesAchemicalsAthatAfurtherAaccelerateAtheApro
cess
4.AThisAescalatingAprocessAisAaApositiveAfeedbackAloopAthatAendsAwithAtheAformationAofA
aAbloodAclot,AwhichApatchesAtheAvesselAwallA&AstopsAtheAbleeding
EpithelialATissueA-AcorrectAanswers-*AEpitheliaA
*AGlandsA(ExocrineA&AEndocrine)
FunctionsAofAEpithelialATissueA-AcorrectAanswers-*AProvideAphysicalAprotectionA
*AControlApermeability
*AProvideAsensationA
*AProduceAspecializedAsecretions

, CharacteristicAofAEpithelialATissueA-AcorrectAanswers-
*ASpecializedAcontactsAwithAotherAcellsA
*APolarityA(differentAendsAofAcellAdoAdifferentAthings)
*AAvascularityA(NOAbloodAsupply)
*ARegenerationA(canAdivideAtoAmakeAnewAcells)A
*ACellularityA(lotsAofAcellsAinAcloseAcontact)
CharacteristicsAofAEpithelialATissue:ASpecializedAContactsA-AcorrectAanswers-
EpithelialAcellsAareAheldAcloseAtogetherAbyAcellAjunctions
FeaturesAofAEpithelialATissueA-AcorrectAanswers-*ASurfaces:AApicalAsurface-
FacesAexteriorAofAbodyAorAinternalAspace;ABase-AAttachedAtoAunderlyingAtissues
*APolarity:ARefersAtoAstructuralAdifferencesAbetweenAexposedA&AattachedAsurfaces
ConnectiveAtissueAoverviewA-AcorrectAanswers-
*AVariesAwidelyAinAappearanceA&AfunctionA(FoundAthroughoutAtheAbody,AbutAneverAexp
osedAtoAsurface)
*ARangesAfromAhighlyAvascularAtoAavascular
*AManyAcontainAsensoryAreceptorsAthatAdetectApain,Apressure,Atemperature,A&AotherAsti
muli
3AbasicAcomponentsAsharedAbyAconnectiveAtissuesA-AcorrectAanswers-
1.ASpecializedAcells
2.AExtracellularAproteinAfibers
3.AFluidAcalledAgroundAsubstance
ExtracellularAProteinAFibersA-AReticularAFibersA-AcorrectAanswers-
StrongA&AformAbranchingAnetwork
ExtracellularAProteinAFibersA-ACollagenAFibersA-AcorrectAanswers-Thick,AveryAstrong
ExtracellularAProteinAFibersA-AElasticAFibersA-AcorrectAanswers-Slender,AveryAstretchy
ConnectiveATissueAGroundASubstanceA-AcorrectAanswers-*AClearA&Acolorless
*AViscousA(syrupy)AdueAtoApresenceAofAproteoglycansA&Aglycoproteins
*AAllowsAsubstancesAtoAtravelAbetweenAbloodAcapillariesA&Acells
CartilageAoverviewA-AcorrectAanswers-
*AMatrixAisAaAfirmAgelAcontainingAchondroitinAsulfatesA(cartilage),ApolysaccharideAdervat
ives
*AOnlyA1AtypeAofAcellA(chondrocyte)
*AAvascular
OsseousATissueA(BoneATissue)A-AcorrectAanswers-
*AConnectiveAtissueAwithAsolid,AcrystallineAmatrix
*SmallAvolumeAofAgroundAsubstanceA
*A2/3AofAmatrixAisAcalciumAsaltsA(provideAstrength)
*MostlyAcalciumAphosphate
*ASomeAcalciumAcarbonate
*AManyAcollagenAfibersA(provideAflexibility)
*AStrong,AsomewhatAflexible,AresistaneAtoAshattering
MuscleATissueA-AcorrectAanswers-*ASpecializedAforAcontractionAtoAcauseAmovement
*AMovementAofAtheAbody
*AMovementAofAbloodAaroundAtheAcardiovascularAsystem
*AMovementAofAmaterialsAalongAtheAdigestiveAtract
3ATypesAofAMusclesA-AcorrectAanswers-1.ASkeletalAmuscleAtissue
2.ACardiacAmuscleAtissue
3.ASmoothAmuscleAtissue
SkeletalAMuscleATissueA-AcorrectAanswers-MovesAtheAbody