KU BIOL 240 Exam 4 Questions Answered Correctly Latest Version 2025
Main functions of endocrine system? - Answers Secretes hormones to bloodstream
(organs are not anatomically connected)
Endocrine system - Answers communications by hormones
targets cell with hormone receptor
slow
long lasting effects that are widespread
metabolic activity
Nervous system - Answers communicates by neurotransmitters
targets neurons, muscle and gland
fast
short term effects that are localized
contraction/secretion
Differences in exocrine and endocrine glands - Answers exocrine:
sweat, saliva
ducts
close to target cell
endocrine:
hormones
no ducts
not close to target cell
highly vascularized
*Hormones - Answers chemical triggers that can stimulate other glands; regulate metabolism
Target cells - Answers cells with receptors for the hormone
, Target organs - Answers organs that have target cells
What are the different types of hormones? - Answers Amino acid based and steroid
Amino acid based hormones - Answers **most of the hormones in the body
modified amino acids, peptides and proteins
elaborate rough ER
function as hormones and neurotransmitters
*Steroid hormones - Answers type of lipid derived from cholesterol
secreted by diffusion/soluble (passes through cell membrane)
extensive smooth ER
(ex. testosterone)
Types of stimuli - Answers humoral: in response to changing levels of ions or nutrients in the blood
neural: stimulation by nerves
hormonal: stimulation received from other hormones (tropic hormones)
Positive/negative feedback - Answers positive: not common
accelerates original process
(ex. action of OXYTOCIN on uterine muscle during birth)
negative: most common
turns off or slows original process
(ex. regulation of blood glucose)
*What are pheromones? - Answers ectohormones capable of acting outside the body, impacting the
behavior of another individual
Purely endocrine organs - Answers pituitary gland
pineal gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
adrenal (cortex and medulla)
Main functions of endocrine system? - Answers Secretes hormones to bloodstream
(organs are not anatomically connected)
Endocrine system - Answers communications by hormones
targets cell with hormone receptor
slow
long lasting effects that are widespread
metabolic activity
Nervous system - Answers communicates by neurotransmitters
targets neurons, muscle and gland
fast
short term effects that are localized
contraction/secretion
Differences in exocrine and endocrine glands - Answers exocrine:
sweat, saliva
ducts
close to target cell
endocrine:
hormones
no ducts
not close to target cell
highly vascularized
*Hormones - Answers chemical triggers that can stimulate other glands; regulate metabolism
Target cells - Answers cells with receptors for the hormone
, Target organs - Answers organs that have target cells
What are the different types of hormones? - Answers Amino acid based and steroid
Amino acid based hormones - Answers **most of the hormones in the body
modified amino acids, peptides and proteins
elaborate rough ER
function as hormones and neurotransmitters
*Steroid hormones - Answers type of lipid derived from cholesterol
secreted by diffusion/soluble (passes through cell membrane)
extensive smooth ER
(ex. testosterone)
Types of stimuli - Answers humoral: in response to changing levels of ions or nutrients in the blood
neural: stimulation by nerves
hormonal: stimulation received from other hormones (tropic hormones)
Positive/negative feedback - Answers positive: not common
accelerates original process
(ex. action of OXYTOCIN on uterine muscle during birth)
negative: most common
turns off or slows original process
(ex. regulation of blood glucose)
*What are pheromones? - Answers ectohormones capable of acting outside the body, impacting the
behavior of another individual
Purely endocrine organs - Answers pituitary gland
pineal gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
adrenal (cortex and medulla)
