h
1
PediatricsgExamg2:
Chapterg13:
1. AccordinggtogPiaget,gmagicalgthinkinggisgthegbeliefgofgwhich?
a. Thoughtsgaregallgpowerful.
b. Godgisgangimaginarygfriend.
c. Eventsghavegcausegandgeffect.
d. Ifgthegskingisgbroken,gtheginsidesgwillgcome
gout.
ANS:g A
Becausegofgtheirgegocentrismgandgtransductivegreasoning,gpreschoolersgbelievegthatgthoughtsgaregallgpowerful.gB
elievinggGodgisgangimaginarygfriendgisgangexamplegofgconcretegthinkinggingagpreschooler’sgspiritualgdevelopme
nt.gCause-and-
effectgimpliesglogicalgthought,gnotgmagicalgthinking.gBelievinggthatgifgthegskingisgbroken,gtheginsidesgwillgcomeg
outgisgangexamplegofgconcretegthinkinggingdevelopmentgofgbodygimage.
2. Thegnursegisgcaringgforgaghospitalizedg4-year-
oldgboy.gHisgparentsgtellgthegnursegtheygwillgbegbackgtogvisitgatg6gPM.gWhenghegasksgthegnursegwhenghisg
parentsgaregcoming,gwhatgwouldgthegnurse’sgbestgresponsegbe?
a. “Theygwillgbegheregsoon.”
b. “Theygwillgcomegaftergdinner.”
c. “Letgmegshowgyougongthegclockgwheng6g
PMgis.”
d. “IgwillgtellgyougeverygtimegIgseegyoughowg
muchglongergitgwillgbe.”
ANS:g B
Ag4-year-
oldgchildgunderstandsgtimegingrelationgtogeventsgsuchgasgmeals.gChildrengperceiveg“soon”gasgagverygshortgtime.gT
heg nursegmayglosegthegchild’sgtrustgifghisgparentsgdognotgreturngingthegtimeghegperceivesgasg“soon.”gChildrengca
nnotgreadgorgusegagclockgforgpracticalgpurposesguntilgageg7gyears.g“IgwillgtellgyougeverygtimegIgseegyoughowgmuc
hglongergitgwillgbe”gassumesgthegchildgunderstandsgthegconceptsgofghoursgandgminutes,gwhichgdoesgnotgoccurgun
tilgageg5gorg6gyears.
3. Ag4-year-
oldgboygisghospitalizedgwithgagseriousgbacterialginfection.gHegtellsgthegnursegthatghegisgsickgbecaus
eghegwasg“bad.”gWhatgisgthegnurse’sgbestginterpretationgofgthisgcomment?
a. Signgofgstress
b. Commongatgthisgage
c. Suggestivegofgmaladaptation
d. Suggestivegofgexcessivegdisciplinegatghome
ANS:g B
Preschoolersgcannotgunderstandgthegcausegandgeffectgofgillness.gTheirgegocentrismgmakesgthemgthinkgtheygar
egdirectlygresponsiblegforgevents,gmakinggthemgfeelgguiltgforgthingsgoutsidegofgtheirgcontrol.gChildrengofgthisg
agegreactgtogstressgbygregressinggdevelopmentallygorgactinggout.gMaladaptationgisgunlikely.gThisgcommentgdo
esgnotgimplygexcessivegdisciplinegatghome.
,4. Ag4-year-
oldgchildgtellsgthegnursegthatgshegdoesn’tgwantganothergbloodgsamplegdrawngbecauseg“Igneedgallgofgmygi
nsidesgandgIgdon’tgwantganyonegtakinggthemgout.”gWhatgisgthegnurse’sgbestginterpretationgofgthis?
, 2
a. Thegchildgisgbeinggoverlygdramatic.
b. Thegchildghasgagdisturbedgbodygimage.
c. Preschoolersghavegpoorlygdefinedgbodygbou
ndaries.
d. Preschoolersgnormallyghavegaggoodgunderst
andinggofgtheirgbodies.
ANS:g C
Preschoolersghaveglittlegunderstandinggofgbodygboundaries,gwhichgleadsgtogfearsgofgmutilation.gThegchildgisgnotgc
apablegofgbeinggdramaticgatgthisgage.gShegtrulygisgafraid.gBodygimagegisgjustgdevelopinggingschool-
agegchildren.gPreschoolersgdognotghaveggoodgunderstandinggofgtheirgbodies.
5. Whichgtypegofgplaygisgmostgtypicalgofgthegpreschoolgperiod?
a. Team
b. Parallel
c. Solitary
d. Associative
ANS:g D
Associativegplaygisggroupgplaygingsimilargorgidenticalgactivitiesgbutgwithoutgrigidgorganizationgorgrules.gSchool-
gagegchildrengplaygingteams.gParallelgplaygisgthatgofgtoddlers.gSolitarygplaygisgthatgofginfants.
6. Parentsgtellgthegnursegtheygfoundgtheirg3-year-
oldgdaughtergandgagmalegcousingofgthegsamegageginspectinggeachgothergcloselygasgtheygusedgthegbathroo
m.gWhatgisgthegmostgappropriategrecommendationgforgthegnursegtogmake?
a. Punishgthegchildrengsogthisgbehaviorgstops.
b. Neithergcondonegnorgcondemngthegcuriosi
ty.
c. Getgcounselinggforgthisgunusualgandgdanger
ousgbehavior.
d. Allowgthegchildrengunrestrictedgpermission
gtogsatisfygthisgcuriosity.
ANS:g B
Three-year-
oldgchildrengbecomegawaregofganatomicgdifferencesgandgaregconcernedgaboutghowgthegothergsexg“works.”gSuchge
xplorationgshouldgnotgbegcondonedgorgcondemned.gChildrengshouldgnotgbegpunishedgforgthisgnormalgexploration.g
Thisgisgagegappropriategandgnotgdangerousgbehavior.gEncouraginggthegchildrengtogaskgtheirgparentsgquestionsgandgr
edirectinggtheirgactivitygisgmoregappropriategthanggivinggpermission.
7. Agboygageg4g1/2gyearsghasgbeenghavinggincreasinglygfrequentgangrygoutburstsgingpreschool.gHegi
sgaggressivegtowardgthegothergchildrengandgthegteachers.gThisgbehaviorghasgbeengagproblemgfor
gapproximatelyg8gtog10gweeks.gHisgparentgasksgthegnursegforgadvice.gWhatgisgthegmostgappropria
tegintervention?
, a. Refergthegchildgforgagprofessionalgpsychoso
cialgassessment.
1
PediatricsgExamg2:
Chapterg13:
1. AccordinggtogPiaget,gmagicalgthinkinggisgthegbeliefgofgwhich?
a. Thoughtsgaregallgpowerful.
b. Godgisgangimaginarygfriend.
c. Eventsghavegcausegandgeffect.
d. Ifgthegskingisgbroken,gtheginsidesgwillgcome
gout.
ANS:g A
Becausegofgtheirgegocentrismgandgtransductivegreasoning,gpreschoolersgbelievegthatgthoughtsgaregallgpowerful.gB
elievinggGodgisgangimaginarygfriendgisgangexamplegofgconcretegthinkinggingagpreschooler’sgspiritualgdevelopme
nt.gCause-and-
effectgimpliesglogicalgthought,gnotgmagicalgthinking.gBelievinggthatgifgthegskingisgbroken,gtheginsidesgwillgcomeg
outgisgangexamplegofgconcretegthinkinggingdevelopmentgofgbodygimage.
2. Thegnursegisgcaringgforgaghospitalizedg4-year-
oldgboy.gHisgparentsgtellgthegnursegtheygwillgbegbackgtogvisitgatg6gPM.gWhenghegasksgthegnursegwhenghisg
parentsgaregcoming,gwhatgwouldgthegnurse’sgbestgresponsegbe?
a. “Theygwillgbegheregsoon.”
b. “Theygwillgcomegaftergdinner.”
c. “Letgmegshowgyougongthegclockgwheng6g
PMgis.”
d. “IgwillgtellgyougeverygtimegIgseegyoughowg
muchglongergitgwillgbe.”
ANS:g B
Ag4-year-
oldgchildgunderstandsgtimegingrelationgtogeventsgsuchgasgmeals.gChildrengperceiveg“soon”gasgagverygshortgtime.gT
heg nursegmayglosegthegchild’sgtrustgifghisgparentsgdognotgreturngingthegtimeghegperceivesgasg“soon.”gChildrengca
nnotgreadgorgusegagclockgforgpracticalgpurposesguntilgageg7gyears.g“IgwillgtellgyougeverygtimegIgseegyoughowgmuc
hglongergitgwillgbe”gassumesgthegchildgunderstandsgthegconceptsgofghoursgandgminutes,gwhichgdoesgnotgoccurgun
tilgageg5gorg6gyears.
3. Ag4-year-
oldgboygisghospitalizedgwithgagseriousgbacterialginfection.gHegtellsgthegnursegthatghegisgsickgbecaus
eghegwasg“bad.”gWhatgisgthegnurse’sgbestginterpretationgofgthisgcomment?
a. Signgofgstress
b. Commongatgthisgage
c. Suggestivegofgmaladaptation
d. Suggestivegofgexcessivegdisciplinegatghome
ANS:g B
Preschoolersgcannotgunderstandgthegcausegandgeffectgofgillness.gTheirgegocentrismgmakesgthemgthinkgtheygar
egdirectlygresponsiblegforgevents,gmakinggthemgfeelgguiltgforgthingsgoutsidegofgtheirgcontrol.gChildrengofgthisg
agegreactgtogstressgbygregressinggdevelopmentallygorgactinggout.gMaladaptationgisgunlikely.gThisgcommentgdo
esgnotgimplygexcessivegdisciplinegatghome.
,4. Ag4-year-
oldgchildgtellsgthegnursegthatgshegdoesn’tgwantganothergbloodgsamplegdrawngbecauseg“Igneedgallgofgmygi
nsidesgandgIgdon’tgwantganyonegtakinggthemgout.”gWhatgisgthegnurse’sgbestginterpretationgofgthis?
, 2
a. Thegchildgisgbeinggoverlygdramatic.
b. Thegchildghasgagdisturbedgbodygimage.
c. Preschoolersghavegpoorlygdefinedgbodygbou
ndaries.
d. Preschoolersgnormallyghavegaggoodgunderst
andinggofgtheirgbodies.
ANS:g C
Preschoolersghaveglittlegunderstandinggofgbodygboundaries,gwhichgleadsgtogfearsgofgmutilation.gThegchildgisgnotgc
apablegofgbeinggdramaticgatgthisgage.gShegtrulygisgafraid.gBodygimagegisgjustgdevelopinggingschool-
agegchildren.gPreschoolersgdognotghaveggoodgunderstandinggofgtheirgbodies.
5. Whichgtypegofgplaygisgmostgtypicalgofgthegpreschoolgperiod?
a. Team
b. Parallel
c. Solitary
d. Associative
ANS:g D
Associativegplaygisggroupgplaygingsimilargorgidenticalgactivitiesgbutgwithoutgrigidgorganizationgorgrules.gSchool-
gagegchildrengplaygingteams.gParallelgplaygisgthatgofgtoddlers.gSolitarygplaygisgthatgofginfants.
6. Parentsgtellgthegnursegtheygfoundgtheirg3-year-
oldgdaughtergandgagmalegcousingofgthegsamegageginspectinggeachgothergcloselygasgtheygusedgthegbathroo
m.gWhatgisgthegmostgappropriategrecommendationgforgthegnursegtogmake?
a. Punishgthegchildrengsogthisgbehaviorgstops.
b. Neithergcondonegnorgcondemngthegcuriosi
ty.
c. Getgcounselinggforgthisgunusualgandgdanger
ousgbehavior.
d. Allowgthegchildrengunrestrictedgpermission
gtogsatisfygthisgcuriosity.
ANS:g B
Three-year-
oldgchildrengbecomegawaregofganatomicgdifferencesgandgaregconcernedgaboutghowgthegothergsexg“works.”gSuchge
xplorationgshouldgnotgbegcondonedgorgcondemned.gChildrengshouldgnotgbegpunishedgforgthisgnormalgexploration.g
Thisgisgagegappropriategandgnotgdangerousgbehavior.gEncouraginggthegchildrengtogaskgtheirgparentsgquestionsgandgr
edirectinggtheirgactivitygisgmoregappropriategthanggivinggpermission.
7. Agboygageg4g1/2gyearsghasgbeenghavinggincreasinglygfrequentgangrygoutburstsgingpreschool.gHegi
sgaggressivegtowardgthegothergchildrengandgthegteachers.gThisgbehaviorghasgbeengagproblemgfor
gapproximatelyg8gtog10gweeks.gHisgparentgasksgthegnursegforgadvice.gWhatgisgthegmostgappropria
tegintervention?
, a. Refergthegchildgforgagprofessionalgpsychoso
cialgassessment.
