SHP 509 - Chapter 9 Controls to Reduce
Threats to Validity UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is the major purpose of controls in research? - CORRECT ANSWER - To counteract
threats to validity
Which of the following is an appropriate control for situations in which there may be questions
of objectivity in making observations? - CORRECT ANSWER - Use several observers to
record participants' responses.
What is the major reason for careful participant selection? - CORRECT ANSWER - It
enhances external validity
Experimenter effects - CORRECT ANSWER - Arise from the experimenter's detailed
knowledge of the experiment
What kind of validity is threatened when we cannot generalize results of a study? - CORRECT
ANSWER - External validity
What is the most common control for possible subject effects? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Deception
What term is used for a sample drawn from an accessible population? - CORRECT
ANSWER - ad hoc sample
To which of the following is the term "confounding" applied? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Internal and construct validity
The double-blind control procedure involves - CORRECT ANSWER - Having both the
experimenter and the participants blind to the assignment of each participant.
, Placebos are often used in drug studies in order to - CORRECT ANSWER - enhance double-
blind procedures
The careful preparation of settings is - CORRECT ANSWER - a general control procedure
In which of the following procedures are ethical issues raised concerning denial of treatment to
some participants? - CORRECT ANSWER - Use of placebos
Being able to eliminate many variables is a major advantage of - CORRECT ANSWER -
experimental research
Marlatt's balanced placebo design employs a type of - CORRECT ANSWER - deception
The larger population in which we are ultimately interested is called the - CORRECT
ANSWER - target population
Extremely high control in laboratory settings - CORRECT ANSWER - may lead to
diminished external validity
The single-blind procedure involves - CORRECT ANSWER - Having the experimenter's
assistant, who actually tests each participant, unaware of the hypotheses being tested or the
condition under which each participant is tested.
Designing an experiment to include some slight, but theoretically meaningful, differences from a
previous study is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER - systematic replication
A critical control in experiments is - CORRECT ANSWER - unbiased participant assignment
to conditions
Threats to Validity UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is the major purpose of controls in research? - CORRECT ANSWER - To counteract
threats to validity
Which of the following is an appropriate control for situations in which there may be questions
of objectivity in making observations? - CORRECT ANSWER - Use several observers to
record participants' responses.
What is the major reason for careful participant selection? - CORRECT ANSWER - It
enhances external validity
Experimenter effects - CORRECT ANSWER - Arise from the experimenter's detailed
knowledge of the experiment
What kind of validity is threatened when we cannot generalize results of a study? - CORRECT
ANSWER - External validity
What is the most common control for possible subject effects? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Deception
What term is used for a sample drawn from an accessible population? - CORRECT
ANSWER - ad hoc sample
To which of the following is the term "confounding" applied? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Internal and construct validity
The double-blind control procedure involves - CORRECT ANSWER - Having both the
experimenter and the participants blind to the assignment of each participant.
, Placebos are often used in drug studies in order to - CORRECT ANSWER - enhance double-
blind procedures
The careful preparation of settings is - CORRECT ANSWER - a general control procedure
In which of the following procedures are ethical issues raised concerning denial of treatment to
some participants? - CORRECT ANSWER - Use of placebos
Being able to eliminate many variables is a major advantage of - CORRECT ANSWER -
experimental research
Marlatt's balanced placebo design employs a type of - CORRECT ANSWER - deception
The larger population in which we are ultimately interested is called the - CORRECT
ANSWER - target population
Extremely high control in laboratory settings - CORRECT ANSWER - may lead to
diminished external validity
The single-blind procedure involves - CORRECT ANSWER - Having the experimenter's
assistant, who actually tests each participant, unaware of the hypotheses being tested or the
condition under which each participant is tested.
Designing an experiment to include some slight, but theoretically meaningful, differences from a
previous study is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER - systematic replication
A critical control in experiments is - CORRECT ANSWER - unbiased participant assignment
to conditions
