Nursing 214 - Exam #2 Questions With Complete Solutions
Acute Renal Failure Correct Answers •Pre-renal problem with
blood flow to the kidney
•Renal problem with the glomeruli or tubules of the kidney
•Post-renal obstruction of the outflow of urine
Acute Renal Failure Signs/Symptoms Correct Answers
•Postural hypotension is the primary symptom; may not have
oliguria
•Increased BUN and Creatinine
•Dependent edema
•Fatigue and drowsiness
•Nausea and vomiting
•Flank pain
Antibiotic Therapy Associated Diarrhea Correct Answers •C
DIFF!!
•Occurs during or shortly after administration of antibiotics
•Caused by Clostridium difficile cytotoxin
•Occurs when antibiotics kill off normal bacteria in the bowels,
causes an overgrowth of C Diff, which produces a toxin that is
irritating to the bowel lining and results in inflammation and
diarrhea
•Contagious
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) Correct Answers
•Enlargement of the prostate
•Microscopic: histological (small cell) changes
•Macroscopic: palpable enlargement of gland during digital
rectal exam
,•Clinical: observable symptoms related to BPH
•A nuisance; makes a profound effect on the individual's daily
living, difficulty starting a stream, weak stream (dribbling),
straining to urinate, longer time needed, feeling incomplete
bladder emptying
Bladder Cancer Correct Answers •More common in older
adults
•Men are 4x more susceptible than older women
•One in every 42 men will develop
•Caucasian most susceptible; African American have higher
mortality rate
•Risk Factors: smoking, exposure to certain chemicals
Bladder Cancer Symptoms & Screening Correct Answers
•Microhematuria, urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, pyuria
•No screening recommended
•Treatment consists of cystectomy and chemotherapy
BPH Treatments Correct Answers •Medications: Saw Palmetto
or Flomax may help shrink the prostate
•Surgery is always an option
Breast Cancer Risk Factors Correct Answers •One in every 15
women >70 affected
•Advanced age, family history, early menarche or late
menopause, ERT, none or late pregnancy, regular alcohol use,
abdominal obesity, exposure to radiation, personal history of
benign breast disease
,Breast Cancer Screening Correct Answers •Mammogram every
year after age 40
•Clinical breast exam
•Self breast exam
Breast Cancer Treatment Correct Answers •Depends on stage
of tumor
•May have modified radical mastectomy or lumpectomy with
radiation
•Treatment is difficult with comorbidities
•Tamoxifen is often prescribed after surgery to increase survival
rates
C Diff Diagnosis/Treatment Correct Answers •Nurse usually
identifies and asks MD for stool sample order
•Flagyl first, then Vancomyocin if it doesn't work
•Anti-diarrheal drugs should NOT BE USED
C Diff Signs & Symptoms Correct Answers •Watery
nonbloody diarrhea of differing degrees
•Lower abdominal pain and cramping
•Low grade fever
•Very odorous, distinct smell
•Can lead to dehydration, hypotension, and colonic perforation
Cartilage Normal Aging Changes Correct Answers •Hyaline
cartilage erodes and tears with age, causing bone to bone contact
•Nonarticular cartilage (ears and nose) grow throughout life and
may look large in relation to the face
, Cervical Cancer Correct Answers •Most prevalent in young &
midlife women
•Recommendations of screening are controversial (women don't
receive pap smears if >65, have hx of regular normal pap
smears, or not at a high risk)
Chron's Disease Diagnosis & Treatment Correct Answers
•Diagnosis: CBC will show increased WBC's, barium enema
will show asymmetric, longitudinal ulcers, colonoscopy
•Treatment: Sulfasalazine, corticosteroids, possible bowel
resection
Chronic Gout (Tophaceous Gout) Correct Answers •Occurs 3-
40 years after the initial attackm the person will have persistent
aching joints, soreness, and morning stiffness, especially in the
hands and feet
•Uric crystals deposit in the cartilage, synovial membranes,
tendons, and soft tissue
•The swelling and extent that occur in the joint depends on the
duration and severity of hyperuricemia
Chronic Renal Failure Diagnosis/Treatment Correct Answers
•Dx based on lab work and other symptoms
•Modify treatment for older adult
•Moisturizers help for pruitis
•Nephrologist to consider renal transplants/dialysis
Chronic Renal Failure Signs/Symptoms Correct Answers
•Irreversible damage to the kidneys; popular in older adult
population
•Hypertension
Acute Renal Failure Correct Answers •Pre-renal problem with
blood flow to the kidney
•Renal problem with the glomeruli or tubules of the kidney
•Post-renal obstruction of the outflow of urine
Acute Renal Failure Signs/Symptoms Correct Answers
•Postural hypotension is the primary symptom; may not have
oliguria
•Increased BUN and Creatinine
•Dependent edema
•Fatigue and drowsiness
•Nausea and vomiting
•Flank pain
Antibiotic Therapy Associated Diarrhea Correct Answers •C
DIFF!!
•Occurs during or shortly after administration of antibiotics
•Caused by Clostridium difficile cytotoxin
•Occurs when antibiotics kill off normal bacteria in the bowels,
causes an overgrowth of C Diff, which produces a toxin that is
irritating to the bowel lining and results in inflammation and
diarrhea
•Contagious
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) Correct Answers
•Enlargement of the prostate
•Microscopic: histological (small cell) changes
•Macroscopic: palpable enlargement of gland during digital
rectal exam
,•Clinical: observable symptoms related to BPH
•A nuisance; makes a profound effect on the individual's daily
living, difficulty starting a stream, weak stream (dribbling),
straining to urinate, longer time needed, feeling incomplete
bladder emptying
Bladder Cancer Correct Answers •More common in older
adults
•Men are 4x more susceptible than older women
•One in every 42 men will develop
•Caucasian most susceptible; African American have higher
mortality rate
•Risk Factors: smoking, exposure to certain chemicals
Bladder Cancer Symptoms & Screening Correct Answers
•Microhematuria, urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, pyuria
•No screening recommended
•Treatment consists of cystectomy and chemotherapy
BPH Treatments Correct Answers •Medications: Saw Palmetto
or Flomax may help shrink the prostate
•Surgery is always an option
Breast Cancer Risk Factors Correct Answers •One in every 15
women >70 affected
•Advanced age, family history, early menarche or late
menopause, ERT, none or late pregnancy, regular alcohol use,
abdominal obesity, exposure to radiation, personal history of
benign breast disease
,Breast Cancer Screening Correct Answers •Mammogram every
year after age 40
•Clinical breast exam
•Self breast exam
Breast Cancer Treatment Correct Answers •Depends on stage
of tumor
•May have modified radical mastectomy or lumpectomy with
radiation
•Treatment is difficult with comorbidities
•Tamoxifen is often prescribed after surgery to increase survival
rates
C Diff Diagnosis/Treatment Correct Answers •Nurse usually
identifies and asks MD for stool sample order
•Flagyl first, then Vancomyocin if it doesn't work
•Anti-diarrheal drugs should NOT BE USED
C Diff Signs & Symptoms Correct Answers •Watery
nonbloody diarrhea of differing degrees
•Lower abdominal pain and cramping
•Low grade fever
•Very odorous, distinct smell
•Can lead to dehydration, hypotension, and colonic perforation
Cartilage Normal Aging Changes Correct Answers •Hyaline
cartilage erodes and tears with age, causing bone to bone contact
•Nonarticular cartilage (ears and nose) grow throughout life and
may look large in relation to the face
, Cervical Cancer Correct Answers •Most prevalent in young &
midlife women
•Recommendations of screening are controversial (women don't
receive pap smears if >65, have hx of regular normal pap
smears, or not at a high risk)
Chron's Disease Diagnosis & Treatment Correct Answers
•Diagnosis: CBC will show increased WBC's, barium enema
will show asymmetric, longitudinal ulcers, colonoscopy
•Treatment: Sulfasalazine, corticosteroids, possible bowel
resection
Chronic Gout (Tophaceous Gout) Correct Answers •Occurs 3-
40 years after the initial attackm the person will have persistent
aching joints, soreness, and morning stiffness, especially in the
hands and feet
•Uric crystals deposit in the cartilage, synovial membranes,
tendons, and soft tissue
•The swelling and extent that occur in the joint depends on the
duration and severity of hyperuricemia
Chronic Renal Failure Diagnosis/Treatment Correct Answers
•Dx based on lab work and other symptoms
•Modify treatment for older adult
•Moisturizers help for pruitis
•Nephrologist to consider renal transplants/dialysis
Chronic Renal Failure Signs/Symptoms Correct Answers
•Irreversible damage to the kidneys; popular in older adult
population
•Hypertension
