TCDHA A/P TEST 4 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS BRAND NEW 2025
Endocrine system - ANSWER - >works with the nervous system
to control and coordinate all other body systems
consists of a groups of glands that produce hormones
affects body systems by chemical stimuli
hormones - ANSWER - >chemical messengers that have specific
regulatory effects on target cells (tissue) within the organs
produce a slower, longer-lasting effect than those provided by
nerve impulses
are related from endocrine glands into blood, not through
ducts
VERY IMPORTANT IN GROWTH, METABOLISM, REPRODUCTION
+ BEHAVIOUR
two categories of hormones - ANSWER - >amino acid
compounds and lipids
amino acid compounds - ANSWER - >consists of proteins
nonsteroid hormones; all hormones except those of the adrenal
cortex + sex glands
,bind to receptors on target cell membrane triggering a 2nd
messenger to affect the cell's activities
lipids - ANSWER - >made of fatty acids
include steroids and prostaglandins
steroid hormones; produced by the adrenal cortex + sex glands
bind to receptors within the target cell nucleus + influence cell
activity by acting on DNA
e.g. testosterone, progesterone
regulation of hormone secretion - ANSWER - >1. homeostatic
feedback
2. rhythmic pattern
homeostatic feedback - ANSWER - >negative and positive
feedback
negative feedback - ANSWER - >most common
endocrine gland over-secretes hormone
target tissue becomes too active
action negatively affects gland to decrease secretion
,positive feedback - ANSWER - >hormone response produces
more hormone
rhythmic pattern - ANSWER - >daily or monthly
pituitary gland - ANSWER - >hypophysis
connected to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum
controlled by the hypothalamus
divided into anterior and posterior lobes
anterior pituitary - ANSWER - >master gland
tropin - ANSWER - >hormone that stimulates activity of the
glands
e.g. thyrotropin
Anterior (adenohypophysis) - ANSWER - >hypothalamus sends
releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones
Posterior (neurohypophysis) - ANSWER - >hormones are not
produced her they are stored (ADH and oxytocin)
Where are hormones produced? - ANSWER - >hypothalamus
, what are hormone release controlled by? - ANSWER - >nerve
impulses
hormones of the posterior lobe - ANSWER - >antidiuretic
hormone and oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWER - >promotes the
reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules (in order to
decrease the amount of water that is secreted); stimulates
constriction of blood vessels
increase BP
Oxytocin - ANSWER - >causes uterine contractions and triggers
milk release from the breasts
hormones of the anterior lobe - ANSWER - >1. growth
hormone, (GH) somatotrophin
2. thyroid stimulating hormone, (TSH) thyrotropin
3.. adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
4. prolactin (PRL)
5. follicle stimulating hormon (FSH)
6. luteinizing hormone (LH)
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS BRAND NEW 2025
Endocrine system - ANSWER - >works with the nervous system
to control and coordinate all other body systems
consists of a groups of glands that produce hormones
affects body systems by chemical stimuli
hormones - ANSWER - >chemical messengers that have specific
regulatory effects on target cells (tissue) within the organs
produce a slower, longer-lasting effect than those provided by
nerve impulses
are related from endocrine glands into blood, not through
ducts
VERY IMPORTANT IN GROWTH, METABOLISM, REPRODUCTION
+ BEHAVIOUR
two categories of hormones - ANSWER - >amino acid
compounds and lipids
amino acid compounds - ANSWER - >consists of proteins
nonsteroid hormones; all hormones except those of the adrenal
cortex + sex glands
,bind to receptors on target cell membrane triggering a 2nd
messenger to affect the cell's activities
lipids - ANSWER - >made of fatty acids
include steroids and prostaglandins
steroid hormones; produced by the adrenal cortex + sex glands
bind to receptors within the target cell nucleus + influence cell
activity by acting on DNA
e.g. testosterone, progesterone
regulation of hormone secretion - ANSWER - >1. homeostatic
feedback
2. rhythmic pattern
homeostatic feedback - ANSWER - >negative and positive
feedback
negative feedback - ANSWER - >most common
endocrine gland over-secretes hormone
target tissue becomes too active
action negatively affects gland to decrease secretion
,positive feedback - ANSWER - >hormone response produces
more hormone
rhythmic pattern - ANSWER - >daily or monthly
pituitary gland - ANSWER - >hypophysis
connected to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum
controlled by the hypothalamus
divided into anterior and posterior lobes
anterior pituitary - ANSWER - >master gland
tropin - ANSWER - >hormone that stimulates activity of the
glands
e.g. thyrotropin
Anterior (adenohypophysis) - ANSWER - >hypothalamus sends
releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones
Posterior (neurohypophysis) - ANSWER - >hormones are not
produced her they are stored (ADH and oxytocin)
Where are hormones produced? - ANSWER - >hypothalamus
, what are hormone release controlled by? - ANSWER - >nerve
impulses
hormones of the posterior lobe - ANSWER - >antidiuretic
hormone and oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWER - >promotes the
reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules (in order to
decrease the amount of water that is secreted); stimulates
constriction of blood vessels
increase BP
Oxytocin - ANSWER - >causes uterine contractions and triggers
milk release from the breasts
hormones of the anterior lobe - ANSWER - >1. growth
hormone, (GH) somatotrophin
2. thyroid stimulating hormone, (TSH) thyrotropin
3.. adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
4. prolactin (PRL)
5. follicle stimulating hormon (FSH)
6. luteinizing hormone (LH)
