ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 6011 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS BRAND NEW 2025
Main Categories of Genetic Mutations - ANSWER - >-1.
Microlesions
2. Macrolesions
Types of Microlesions - ANSWER - >-1. Base-pair substitution
2. Frameshift Mutations
Types of Macrolesions - ANSWER - >-1. Aberrations
2. Changes in chromosome number (aneuploidy, polyploidy)
base-pair substitution - ANSWER - >--point mutation that
changes the genetic sequence of base pairs (AT/CG)
-caused by an interaction with an outside chemical
-does not always change the function (but can)
Difference between virus and bacteria - ANSWER - >-Bacteria
can exist on their own (no nuclei or substructures)
Viruses need a host cell and use its genetic DNA
Role of DNA in protein synthesis - ANSWER - >-DNA acts as a
template for RNA and encodes the sequence of proteins
Role of mRNA in protein synthesis - ANSWER - >-mRNA is a
single-strand of RNA
,it moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm Ribosomes read
the mRNA code
produce a chain of amino acids.
Role of tRNA in protein synthesis - ANSWER - >-tRNA brings
amino acids made by the mRNA to the ribosome where
proteins are constructed,
reads the message of nucleic acids
TRANSLATES it into proteins.
Role of ribosomes in protein synthesis - ANSWER - >-organelles
that synthesize protein
Binds to mRNA
reads the code in it
produces a chain of amino acids.
(Catalyzes the synthesis of protein chains from amino acids)
What is the microbiome? - ANSWER - >-The microbiome are the
microbial organisms that live within the intestines, skin, and
within mucus membranes.
How does the microbiome prevent disease? - ANSWER - >-The
microbiome can impact how toxicants are absorbed (or not
absorbed) into the body and impact our susceptibility to
disease.
Define: Environmental response gene - ANSWER - >-This
dictates a person's response to certain environmental
exposures, but without exposure it has no health consequence.
, Epigenetics - ANSWER - >-heritable changes in the phenotype
without changes in the DNA structure (genotype).
The environment can change what genes are expressed and
when.
Epigenetics determines which genes are expressed (turned on
or off).
Central Dogma of DNA to Protein - ANSWER - >-DNA -
Transcription - RNA - Translation - Protein
frameshift mutations - ANSWER - >--Insertion or deletion of one
or more bases (AT/GC) in the sequence.
-Changes the reading frame.
-Almost always get an altered protein, often leads to non-
functional.
chromosome aberrations - ANSWER - >-Change in chromosome
structure via deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation.
Benzene, ionizing radiation can cause it.
difference between aneuploidy and polyploidy - ANSWER - >-
Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of
chromosomes in a cell. ... Polyploidy is the presence of a new,
extra set of the chromosome in the cells.
4 types of chromosomal aberrations (macrolesion) - ANSWER -
>-1. Deletion
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS BRAND NEW 2025
Main Categories of Genetic Mutations - ANSWER - >-1.
Microlesions
2. Macrolesions
Types of Microlesions - ANSWER - >-1. Base-pair substitution
2. Frameshift Mutations
Types of Macrolesions - ANSWER - >-1. Aberrations
2. Changes in chromosome number (aneuploidy, polyploidy)
base-pair substitution - ANSWER - >--point mutation that
changes the genetic sequence of base pairs (AT/CG)
-caused by an interaction with an outside chemical
-does not always change the function (but can)
Difference between virus and bacteria - ANSWER - >-Bacteria
can exist on their own (no nuclei or substructures)
Viruses need a host cell and use its genetic DNA
Role of DNA in protein synthesis - ANSWER - >-DNA acts as a
template for RNA and encodes the sequence of proteins
Role of mRNA in protein synthesis - ANSWER - >-mRNA is a
single-strand of RNA
,it moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm Ribosomes read
the mRNA code
produce a chain of amino acids.
Role of tRNA in protein synthesis - ANSWER - >-tRNA brings
amino acids made by the mRNA to the ribosome where
proteins are constructed,
reads the message of nucleic acids
TRANSLATES it into proteins.
Role of ribosomes in protein synthesis - ANSWER - >-organelles
that synthesize protein
Binds to mRNA
reads the code in it
produces a chain of amino acids.
(Catalyzes the synthesis of protein chains from amino acids)
What is the microbiome? - ANSWER - >-The microbiome are the
microbial organisms that live within the intestines, skin, and
within mucus membranes.
How does the microbiome prevent disease? - ANSWER - >-The
microbiome can impact how toxicants are absorbed (or not
absorbed) into the body and impact our susceptibility to
disease.
Define: Environmental response gene - ANSWER - >-This
dictates a person's response to certain environmental
exposures, but without exposure it has no health consequence.
, Epigenetics - ANSWER - >-heritable changes in the phenotype
without changes in the DNA structure (genotype).
The environment can change what genes are expressed and
when.
Epigenetics determines which genes are expressed (turned on
or off).
Central Dogma of DNA to Protein - ANSWER - >-DNA -
Transcription - RNA - Translation - Protein
frameshift mutations - ANSWER - >--Insertion or deletion of one
or more bases (AT/GC) in the sequence.
-Changes the reading frame.
-Almost always get an altered protein, often leads to non-
functional.
chromosome aberrations - ANSWER - >-Change in chromosome
structure via deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation.
Benzene, ionizing radiation can cause it.
difference between aneuploidy and polyploidy - ANSWER - >-
Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of
chromosomes in a cell. ... Polyploidy is the presence of a new,
extra set of the chromosome in the cells.
4 types of chromosomal aberrations (macrolesion) - ANSWER -
>-1. Deletion
