DIT 121 NOVA EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Average Intake (AI) - Answers :The amount of a chemical to which a person consumes
over a period of a day. It is determined by multiplying typical concentration of the
chemical in drinking water, air, and food by an average daily intake factor such as 2
liters of water per day.
Bicarbonate - Answers :Bicarbonate also acts to regulate pH in the small intestine. It is
released from the pancreas in response to the hormone secretin to neutralize the acidic
chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach
Bile - Answers :A mixture of salts and phospholipids produced by the liver that breaks
up fat particles.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) - Answers :a hormone produced by cells of the intestinal wall.
target organ: gallbladder response: release of bile and slowing of GI motility
Chyme - Answers :Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and
acids in the stomach.
Daily Values (DV) - Answers :reference values developed by the FDA specifically for
use on food labels
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) - Answers :The average daily nutrient intake
level that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals who are in
a particular life stage and gender group
Essential Nutrient - Answers :A substance that cannot be synthesized by the body and
must be obtained preassembled from the diet, including certain amino acids and fatty
acids, vitamins, and minerals.
Functional Fiber - Answers :The non-digestible forms of carbohydrate that are extracted
from plants or manufactured in the laboratory and have known health benefits.
Peristalsis - Answers :Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving
along in one direction through the digestive system.
Upper Esophageal Sphincter - Answers :Prevents backflow of food from esophagus
back into mouth
Lower Esophageal Sphincter - Answers :a muscular ring that controls the flow between
the esophagus and stomach
Nutrient Density - Answers :A measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to the
energy it provides. The more nutrients and the fewer kcalories, the higher the nutrient
density
Average Intake (AI) - Answers :The amount of a chemical to which a person consumes
over a period of a day. It is determined by multiplying typical concentration of the
chemical in drinking water, air, and food by an average daily intake factor such as 2
liters of water per day.
Bicarbonate - Answers :Bicarbonate also acts to regulate pH in the small intestine. It is
released from the pancreas in response to the hormone secretin to neutralize the acidic
chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach
Bile - Answers :A mixture of salts and phospholipids produced by the liver that breaks
up fat particles.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) - Answers :a hormone produced by cells of the intestinal wall.
target organ: gallbladder response: release of bile and slowing of GI motility
Chyme - Answers :Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and
acids in the stomach.
Daily Values (DV) - Answers :reference values developed by the FDA specifically for
use on food labels
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) - Answers :The average daily nutrient intake
level that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals who are in
a particular life stage and gender group
Essential Nutrient - Answers :A substance that cannot be synthesized by the body and
must be obtained preassembled from the diet, including certain amino acids and fatty
acids, vitamins, and minerals.
Functional Fiber - Answers :The non-digestible forms of carbohydrate that are extracted
from plants or manufactured in the laboratory and have known health benefits.
Peristalsis - Answers :Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving
along in one direction through the digestive system.
Upper Esophageal Sphincter - Answers :Prevents backflow of food from esophagus
back into mouth
Lower Esophageal Sphincter - Answers :a muscular ring that controls the flow between
the esophagus and stomach
Nutrient Density - Answers :A measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to the
energy it provides. The more nutrients and the fewer kcalories, the higher the nutrient
density
