porth essentials of
pathophysiology Questions
And Answers
A client is managing his diabetes with exercise and diet. The health care provider reviews the client's most
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recent lab results: fasting blood sugar level at 80 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. Select the response
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that best identifies the client. - (Correct Answer) `The client is achieving normal glycemic control.
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A patient is managing his type 2 diabetes with exercise and diet. He has a fasting blood sugar level (FBS) of
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80 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. Based on these findings, which of the following can the nurse
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assume? - (Correct Answer) `The patient is achieving normal glycemic control.
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When educating a patient about glargine (Lantus), the nurse should explain that this medication: -
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(Correct Answer) `Has a prolonged absorption rate and provides a relatively constant concentration for
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12-24 hours.
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The nurse has just completed teaching a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes about rapid-acting
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insulin. The nurse determines that teaching was effective when the client selects: - (Correct Answer)
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`Lispro
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The nurse is reviewing assessment data on four clients. Select the client at highest risk for developing type
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2 diabetes. - (Correct Answer) `A 45-year-old obese female with a sedentary lifestyle
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The obstetrical nurse is caring for a client who has been treated for gestational diabetes. When teaching
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the client about the causes of gestational diabetes, the nurse should include which of these risk factors in
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the teaching? - (Correct Answer) `Woman with a family history of diabetes
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The nurse and nursing student are caring for a client undergoing a severe stressor with release of
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epinephrine into the bloodstream. Which of these effects on blood glucose levels does the nurse teach
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the student epinephrine will cause? - (Correct Answer) `Blood glucose will elevate.
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A patient with diabetes asks the nurse for advice in controlling between-meal blood glucose levels. Which
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of the following might the nurse suggest as a long-acting insulin to provide a consistent basal level? -
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(Correct Answer) `Glargine (Lantus)
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Which of the following clients would be considered to be exhibiting manifestations of "prediabetes"? -
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(Correct Answer) `A middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma glucose level of 122 with follow-
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up OGTT of 189 mg/dL.
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, Type 2 diabetes is caused by metabolic abnormalities in the presence of insulin. What are these metabolic
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
abnormalities? (Select all that apply.) - (Correct Answer) `• Deranged secretion of insulin
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• Insulin resistance
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• Increased glucose production by the liver
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The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes and the family about the signs and symptoms of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
hypoglycemia. The client asks what produces signs and symptoms of headache, disturbed behavior,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
coma, and seizures. The best response would be: - (Correct Answer) `The brain relies on blood glucose as
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its main energy source.
v v v v
What are the hallmark signs of diabetes mellitus? - (Correct Answer) `Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
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A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus wishes to stop taking insulin injections. What option is appropriate?
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- (Correct Answer) `Using an insulin infusion pump
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Select the most appropriate intervention for the nurse to teach a client diagnosed with distal symmetric
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neuropathy related to diabetes. - (Correct Answer) `Inspect the feet for blisters daily
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
The critical care nurse has just admitted a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) whose blood glucose
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
level is 877 mg/dL. The client's breath has a fruity odor and the client is confused. Which of these does the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
nurse set as the priority at this time? - (Correct Answer) `Administration of intravenous fluids
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has been instructed about managing his condition with diet. The
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
nurse determines further teaching is necessary when the client states: - (Correct Answer) `"I must avoid
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
all candies and cookies, but can eat unlimited amounts of pasta and breads."
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Which of the following criteria about insulin would prompt a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes? - (Correct
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Answer) `Complete failure of insulin secretion
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During periods of fasting and starvation, the glucocorticoid and other corticosteroid hormones are critical
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for survival because of their stimulation of gluconeogenesis by the liver. When the glucocorticoid
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
hormones remain elevated for extended periods of time, what can occur? - (Correct Answer)
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`Hyperglycemia
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Type 1A diabetes is now considered an autoimmune disorder. What factors are considered necessary for
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type 1A diabetes to occur? - (Correct Answer) `Genetic predisposition, environmental triggering event,
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and a T-lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivity reaction against some beta-cell antigen
v v v v v v v v v
A woman in her 28th week of pregnancy tests positive for gestational diabetes mellitus and begins to
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
follow a nutritional plan at home. What result at the follow-up visit indicates a successful outcome? -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
(Correct Answer) `Random blood glucose 85 mg/dl
v v v v v v v
pathophysiology Questions
And Answers
A client is managing his diabetes with exercise and diet. The health care provider reviews the client's most
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
recent lab results: fasting blood sugar level at 80 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. Select the response
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
that best identifies the client. - (Correct Answer) `The client is achieving normal glycemic control.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
A patient is managing his type 2 diabetes with exercise and diet. He has a fasting blood sugar level (FBS) of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
80 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. Based on these findings, which of the following can the nurse
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
assume? - (Correct Answer) `The patient is achieving normal glycemic control.
v v v v v v v v v v v
When educating a patient about glargine (Lantus), the nurse should explain that this medication: -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
(Correct Answer) `Has a prolonged absorption rate and provides a relatively constant concentration for
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
12-24 hours.
v v
The nurse has just completed teaching a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes about rapid-acting
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
insulin. The nurse determines that teaching was effective when the client selects: - (Correct Answer)
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
`Lispro
v
The nurse is reviewing assessment data on four clients. Select the client at highest risk for developing type
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
2 diabetes. - (Correct Answer) `A 45-year-old obese female with a sedentary lifestyle
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
The obstetrical nurse is caring for a client who has been treated for gestational diabetes. When teaching
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the client about the causes of gestational diabetes, the nurse should include which of these risk factors in
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the teaching? - (Correct Answer) `Woman with a family history of diabetes
v v v v v v v v v v v v
The nurse and nursing student are caring for a client undergoing a severe stressor with release of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
epinephrine into the bloodstream. Which of these effects on blood glucose levels does the nurse teach
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the student epinephrine will cause? - (Correct Answer) `Blood glucose will elevate.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
A patient with diabetes asks the nurse for advice in controlling between-meal blood glucose levels. Which
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
of the following might the nurse suggest as a long-acting insulin to provide a consistent basal level? -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
(Correct Answer) `Glargine (Lantus)
v v v v
Which of the following clients would be considered to be exhibiting manifestations of "prediabetes"? -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
(Correct Answer) `A middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma glucose level of 122 with follow-
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
up OGTT of 189 mg/dL.
v v v v
, Type 2 diabetes is caused by metabolic abnormalities in the presence of insulin. What are these metabolic
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
abnormalities? (Select all that apply.) - (Correct Answer) `• Deranged secretion of insulin
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
• Insulin resistance
v v
• Increased glucose production by the liver
v v v v v v
The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes and the family about the signs and symptoms of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
hypoglycemia. The client asks what produces signs and symptoms of headache, disturbed behavior,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
coma, and seizures. The best response would be: - (Correct Answer) `The brain relies on blood glucose as
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
its main energy source.
v v v v
What are the hallmark signs of diabetes mellitus? - (Correct Answer) `Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus wishes to stop taking insulin injections. What option is appropriate?
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
- (Correct Answer) `Using an insulin infusion pump
v v v v v v v v
Select the most appropriate intervention for the nurse to teach a client diagnosed with distal symmetric
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
neuropathy related to diabetes. - (Correct Answer) `Inspect the feet for blisters daily
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
The critical care nurse has just admitted a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) whose blood glucose
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
level is 877 mg/dL. The client's breath has a fruity odor and the client is confused. Which of these does the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
nurse set as the priority at this time? - (Correct Answer) `Administration of intravenous fluids
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has been instructed about managing his condition with diet. The
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
nurse determines further teaching is necessary when the client states: - (Correct Answer) `"I must avoid
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
all candies and cookies, but can eat unlimited amounts of pasta and breads."
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Which of the following criteria about insulin would prompt a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes? - (Correct
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Answer) `Complete failure of insulin secretion
v v v v v v
During periods of fasting and starvation, the glucocorticoid and other corticosteroid hormones are critical
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
for survival because of their stimulation of gluconeogenesis by the liver. When the glucocorticoid
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
hormones remain elevated for extended periods of time, what can occur? - (Correct Answer)
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
`Hyperglycemia
v
Type 1A diabetes is now considered an autoimmune disorder. What factors are considered necessary for
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
type 1A diabetes to occur? - (Correct Answer) `Genetic predisposition, environmental triggering event,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
and a T-lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivity reaction against some beta-cell antigen
v v v v v v v v v
A woman in her 28th week of pregnancy tests positive for gestational diabetes mellitus and begins to
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
follow a nutritional plan at home. What result at the follow-up visit indicates a successful outcome? -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
(Correct Answer) `Random blood glucose 85 mg/dl
v v v v v v v
