68W LPC Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
pharmacology - ✔✔study of substances that interact with living organisms through
chemical processes
medical pharmacology - ✔✔science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat
disease
indication - ✔✔reason or condition for which a particular medication is given
dose - ✔✔amount of medication given within a specified period of time
single dose - ✔✔amount of medication administered at one time
maximum dose - ✔✔the largest amount of medication either as a single dose or within a
period of time
cumulative dose - ✔✔sum of all single doses over either a lifetime or a period of time
strength - ✔✔amount of medication contained per tablet, capsule, suppository, etc
titration - ✔✔administering a medication with variable strength, interval, and quantity
to achieve and maintain a desired observable physiological effect (pain ctrl)
contraindication - ✔✔medical reason not to give a medication
absolute contraindication - ✔✔medical reason to NEVER give a medication
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY KATELYN WHITMAN, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,relative contraindication - ✔✔medical reason a medication should not be given, but
may be acceptable in certain circumstances
allergy - ✔✔immune response in which there is a hypersensitivity response induced by
exposure to a particular medication
side effect - ✔✔unintended, but not surprising consequence of a medication which may
require a medication dose be changed or discontinued
therapeutic effect - ✔✔desired change in physiology for administering the medication
therapeutic level - ✔✔blood level of a medication required to achieve the therapeutic
effect
toxic level - ✔✔blood level of a medication which will cause tissue damage
therapeutic range - ✔✔variable blood levels of a medication between the therapeutic
level and the toxic level
therapeutic window - ✔✔range of acceptable DOSAGES of a medication needed to keep
blood levels within the therapeutic range
peak - ✔✔when medication is at its highest concentration
trough - ✔✔lowest blood level of a medication between doses
half-life - ✔✔time it takes for the body to eliminate half the dose of medication
steady state - ✔✔relatively constant blood level of medication which is sustained after
5-6 half lives of a medication
tolerance - ✔✔when the body has adapted to having a medication regularly and now
requires a higher or more frequent doses to achieve the therapeutic effect
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY KATELYN WHITMAN, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, resistance - ✔✔when infectious organisms adapt to antibiotics and it takes either higher
doses of same medication or a change to a different medication to kill the organisms
metabolism - ✔✔process of the body to break down and eliminate medications most
metabolized by the liver or kidneys
dosing interval - ✔✔recommended time period between doses of a medication
onset - ✔✔time until a medication's therapeutic effect begins
duration of effect - ✔✔time until the medication's therapeutic effect wears off
duration of therapy - ✔✔length of time a course of medication is continued to ensure
the desired effect is maintained
dosing parameters - ✔✔the limitations, considerations, and instructions required
regarding a medication; helps achieve the desired physiological response minimize side
effects
Body weight, Comorbidities, Age - ✔✔What are factors that affect dosing
Importance for patients to understand dosing parameters - ✔✔-too little: not achieve
therapeutic effects
-too much: increased side effects/toxic levels
Antibiotics - ✔✔Medications which kill or inhibit the reproduction of bacteria
Gram Stain Testing - ✔✔Categorizes bacteria classification based upon chemical
properties in the cell's membrane.
Gram positive - ✔✔Indicates the presence of peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan - ✔✔the substance that forms a tough, rigid structure of the bacterium
cell wall
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY KATELYN WHITMAN, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Answers 100% Pass
pharmacology - ✔✔study of substances that interact with living organisms through
chemical processes
medical pharmacology - ✔✔science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat
disease
indication - ✔✔reason or condition for which a particular medication is given
dose - ✔✔amount of medication given within a specified period of time
single dose - ✔✔amount of medication administered at one time
maximum dose - ✔✔the largest amount of medication either as a single dose or within a
period of time
cumulative dose - ✔✔sum of all single doses over either a lifetime or a period of time
strength - ✔✔amount of medication contained per tablet, capsule, suppository, etc
titration - ✔✔administering a medication with variable strength, interval, and quantity
to achieve and maintain a desired observable physiological effect (pain ctrl)
contraindication - ✔✔medical reason not to give a medication
absolute contraindication - ✔✔medical reason to NEVER give a medication
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY KATELYN WHITMAN, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,relative contraindication - ✔✔medical reason a medication should not be given, but
may be acceptable in certain circumstances
allergy - ✔✔immune response in which there is a hypersensitivity response induced by
exposure to a particular medication
side effect - ✔✔unintended, but not surprising consequence of a medication which may
require a medication dose be changed or discontinued
therapeutic effect - ✔✔desired change in physiology for administering the medication
therapeutic level - ✔✔blood level of a medication required to achieve the therapeutic
effect
toxic level - ✔✔blood level of a medication which will cause tissue damage
therapeutic range - ✔✔variable blood levels of a medication between the therapeutic
level and the toxic level
therapeutic window - ✔✔range of acceptable DOSAGES of a medication needed to keep
blood levels within the therapeutic range
peak - ✔✔when medication is at its highest concentration
trough - ✔✔lowest blood level of a medication between doses
half-life - ✔✔time it takes for the body to eliminate half the dose of medication
steady state - ✔✔relatively constant blood level of medication which is sustained after
5-6 half lives of a medication
tolerance - ✔✔when the body has adapted to having a medication regularly and now
requires a higher or more frequent doses to achieve the therapeutic effect
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY KATELYN WHITMAN, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, resistance - ✔✔when infectious organisms adapt to antibiotics and it takes either higher
doses of same medication or a change to a different medication to kill the organisms
metabolism - ✔✔process of the body to break down and eliminate medications most
metabolized by the liver or kidneys
dosing interval - ✔✔recommended time period between doses of a medication
onset - ✔✔time until a medication's therapeutic effect begins
duration of effect - ✔✔time until the medication's therapeutic effect wears off
duration of therapy - ✔✔length of time a course of medication is continued to ensure
the desired effect is maintained
dosing parameters - ✔✔the limitations, considerations, and instructions required
regarding a medication; helps achieve the desired physiological response minimize side
effects
Body weight, Comorbidities, Age - ✔✔What are factors that affect dosing
Importance for patients to understand dosing parameters - ✔✔-too little: not achieve
therapeutic effects
-too much: increased side effects/toxic levels
Antibiotics - ✔✔Medications which kill or inhibit the reproduction of bacteria
Gram Stain Testing - ✔✔Categorizes bacteria classification based upon chemical
properties in the cell's membrane.
Gram positive - ✔✔Indicates the presence of peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan - ✔✔the substance that forms a tough, rigid structure of the bacterium
cell wall
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY KATELYN WHITMAN, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
