HESI PN MED SURG EXIT EXAM / MED
SURG HESI PN LATEST EXAM 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK 100
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
During a clinic visit, a client reports to the practical nurse (PN) that they felt a solid mass in their breast
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during self-examination, but it was not painful. What instruction should the PN reinforce with the client?
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A. Continue to monitor the mass until the next scheduled annual exam.
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B. Notify the PCP if the mass becomes soft or painful or starts to drain.
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C. Schedule an appointment with the PCP for evaluation
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D. Breast masses are usually insignificant if they feel soft or are easily moveable. - Correct Answer - c.
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Schedule an appointment with the health care provider for evaluation.
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A painless breast mass is an abnormal finding, and the PN should instruct the client to obtain prompt
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medical evaluation.
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The health care provider informed a client diagnosed with stage 4 liver cancer that the cancer has spread to
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their spine. The client states to the practical nurse, "I have a cancer, but it is not malignant." What is the
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best initial nursing action?
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A. Encourage the client to attend a cancer education program
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B. Perform a complete history and physical assessment
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C. Ask the client to explain his understanding of the term malignancy.
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D. Offer the client emotional support to deal with the diagnosis
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Submit - Correct Answer - c. Ask the client to explain his understanding of the term malignancy.
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,The best initial action is to assess the client's knowledge of the term malignancy when used to describe
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cancer. The client appears to have inaccurate knowledge. Stage 4 cancer means the cancer has spread
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(metastasized) from where it has started to another body part.
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A client diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Which intervention should the practical nurse implement to help
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relieve joint pain and stiffness?
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a. Encourage the client to perform weight-bearing exercises.
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b. Teach the client how to perform range-of-motion exercises.
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c. Explain the use of ice and massage for pain relief.
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d. Instruct the client to take an analgesic before walking daily - Correct Answer - d. Instruct the client to
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take an analgesic before walking daily.
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Adequate pain management is important for the success of an exercise program. Keeping the joints active
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decreases pain, so taking an analgesic and walking daily is likely to help decrease joint pain and stiffness.
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
A client diagnosed with prostate cancer is prescribed radioactive seed implantation (brachytherapy). What
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is the most important nursing action for the practical nurse (PN) to do?
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a. Follow radiation exposure precautions
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b. Encourage regular meals
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c. Collect all urine in sealed containers
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d. Avoid touching the client. - Correct Answer - a. Follow radiation exposure precautions.
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Clients being treated for prostate cancer with brachytherapy (radioactive seeds implant) should be placed
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on radiation exposure precautions. The PN needs to follow the institution's protocols put in place
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regarding the amount of time and distance needed to prevent excessive exposure that would pose a
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hazard to others.
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A client diagnosed with emphysema that is oxygen-dependent lives alone at home and manages self-care
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with no difficulty. Which finding should prompt the home health practical nurse to consult the registered
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nurse case manager?
H H H
,a. A pulse oximetry reading of 91% on oxygen at 2 L/m
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b. A weight loss of 5 pounds since the last monthly home visit
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c. The client reports feeling as tired as at the last visit by the nurse
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d. Upon entering the home, the PN noticed dirty dishes and clothing scattered around the home. - Correct
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Answer - b. A weight loss of 5 pounds since the last monthly home visit
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A weight loss of 5 pounds in 1 month is a concern. Clients with COPD need additional calorie intake because
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they are using up a lot from the energy they are using to breath. The practical nurse needs to consult with
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
the registered nurse case manager for a nutrition consult
H H H H H H H H H
The nurse has reinforced instructions to a client with diabetes mellitus on how to self-monitor for
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symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nurse realizes the instructions have been effective if the
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client can list which symptoms? (Select all that apply.)
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a. Fruity breath odor
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b. Rapid, weak pulse
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c. Cold, clammy skin
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d. Extreme thirst
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e. Urinary frequency
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f. Protruding eyeballs - Correct Answer - a. Fruity breath odor
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b. Rapid, weak pulse
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d. Extreme thirst
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e. Urinary frequency
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Diabetic ketoacidosis is caused by a profound deficiency of insulin. Some common characteristics include a
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sweet, fruity breath odor, a rapid weak pulse, extreme thirst, urinary frequency, and sunken-appearing
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eyeballs.
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A client mentions using garlic daily as an herb to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Which nursing
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action is a priority?
H H H H
, a. Monitor the client for signs of bleeding.
H H H H H H H
b. Instruct the client that garlic tends to cause hypertension.
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c. This may relieve fever in the same way that acetaminophen does.
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d. Remind the patient to use tooth brushing and mouthwash to prevent garlic odor. - Correct Answer - a.
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Monitor the client for signs of bleeding.
H H H H H H H
Garlic inhibits platelet aggregation in the same way that aspirin works, and the client should be monitored
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
for bleeding. Garlic can lower the blood pressure, not raise it. It does not relieve fever. While the client will
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
likely want to avoid garlic odor, it is not a priority.
H H H H H H H H H H H
The practical nurse (PN) is reviewing the health histories of assigned clients. Which factors have a potential
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for development of throat cancer? (Select all that apply.)
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a. Tobacco use
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b. Excessive intake of alcohol
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c. Intake of hot and spicy foods
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d. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
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e. Lack of exercise
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f. Lack of dietary fiber - Correct Answer - a. Tobacco use
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b. Excessive intake of alcohol
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d. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
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Rationale:
The most common risk factors for throat cancer are tobacco use, alcohol abuse, human papillomavirus
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
(HPV), a diet lacking in fruits and vegetable, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Foods seasoned
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
with herbs and spices have shown to have some health benefits in decreasing the risk of developing
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
cancer.
H
A client has undergone craniotomy to remove a brain tumor. The client spent several days in the intensive
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
care unit, and is now on the post-surgical unit. The nurse has urgently contact the surgeon to report signs
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
SURG HESI PN LATEST EXAM 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK 100
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
During a clinic visit, a client reports to the practical nurse (PN) that they felt a solid mass in their breast
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
during self-examination, but it was not painful. What instruction should the PN reinforce with the client?
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
A. Continue to monitor the mass until the next scheduled annual exam.
H H H H H H H H H H H
B. Notify the PCP if the mass becomes soft or painful or starts to drain.
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
C. Schedule an appointment with the PCP for evaluation
H H H H H H H H
D. Breast masses are usually insignificant if they feel soft or are easily moveable. - Correct Answer - c.
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H HH H H
Schedule an appointment with the health care provider for evaluation.
H H H H H H H H H H
A painless breast mass is an abnormal finding, and the PN should instruct the client to obtain prompt
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
medical evaluation.
H H
The health care provider informed a client diagnosed with stage 4 liver cancer that the cancer has spread to
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
their spine. The client states to the practical nurse, "I have a cancer, but it is not malignant." What is the
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
best initial nursing action?
H H H H
A. Encourage the client to attend a cancer education program
H H H H H H H H H
B. Perform a complete history and physical assessment
H H H H H H H
C. Ask the client to explain his understanding of the term malignancy.
H H H H H H H H H H H
D. Offer the client emotional support to deal with the diagnosis
H H H H H H H H H H
Submit - Correct Answer - c. Ask the client to explain his understanding of the term malignancy.
H H HH H H H H H H H H H H H H H
,The best initial action is to assess the client's knowledge of the term malignancy when used to describe
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
cancer. The client appears to have inaccurate knowledge. Stage 4 cancer means the cancer has spread
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
(metastasized) from where it has started to another body part.
H H H H H H H H H H
A client diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Which intervention should the practical nurse implement to help
H H H H H H H H H H H H H
relieve joint pain and stiffness?
H H H H H
a. Encourage the client to perform weight-bearing exercises.
H H H H H H H
b. Teach the client how to perform range-of-motion exercises.
H H H H H H H H
c. Explain the use of ice and massage for pain relief.
H H H H H H H H H H
d. Instruct the client to take an analgesic before walking daily - Correct Answer - d. Instruct the client to
H H H H H H H H H H H H HH H H H H H H
take an analgesic before walking daily.
H H H H H H
Adequate pain management is important for the success of an exercise program. Keeping the joints active
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
decreases pain, so taking an analgesic and walking daily is likely to help decrease joint pain and stiffness.
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
A client diagnosed with prostate cancer is prescribed radioactive seed implantation (brachytherapy). What
H H H H H H H H H H H H
is the most important nursing action for the practical nurse (PN) to do?
H H H H H H H H H H H H H
a. Follow radiation exposure precautions
H H H H
b. Encourage regular meals
H H H
c. Collect all urine in sealed containers
H H H H H H
d. Avoid touching the client. - Correct Answer - a. Follow radiation exposure precautions.
H H H H H H HH H H H H H H
Clients being treated for prostate cancer with brachytherapy (radioactive seeds implant) should be placed
H H H H H H H H H H H H H
on radiation exposure precautions. The PN needs to follow the institution's protocols put in place
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
regarding the amount of time and distance needed to prevent excessive exposure that would pose a
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
hazard to others.
H H H
A client diagnosed with emphysema that is oxygen-dependent lives alone at home and manages self-care
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
with no difficulty. Which finding should prompt the home health practical nurse to consult the registered
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
nurse case manager?
H H H
,a. A pulse oximetry reading of 91% on oxygen at 2 L/m
H H H H H H H H H H H
b. A weight loss of 5 pounds since the last monthly home visit
H H H H H H H H H H H H
c. The client reports feeling as tired as at the last visit by the nurse
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
d. Upon entering the home, the PN noticed dirty dishes and clothing scattered around the home. - Correct
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Answer - b. A weight loss of 5 pounds since the last monthly home visit
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
A weight loss of 5 pounds in 1 month is a concern. Clients with COPD need additional calorie intake because
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
they are using up a lot from the energy they are using to breath. The practical nurse needs to consult with
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
the registered nurse case manager for a nutrition consult
H H H H H H H H H
The nurse has reinforced instructions to a client with diabetes mellitus on how to self-monitor for
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nurse realizes the instructions have been effective if the
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
client can list which symptoms? (Select all that apply.)
H H H H H H H H H
a. Fruity breath odor
H H H
b. Rapid, weak pulse
H H H
c. Cold, clammy skin
H H H
d. Extreme thirst
H H
e. Urinary frequency
H H
f. Protruding eyeballs - Correct Answer - a. Fruity breath odor
H H H H HH H H H H H
b. Rapid, weak pulse
H H H
d. Extreme thirst
H H
e. Urinary frequency
H H
Diabetic ketoacidosis is caused by a profound deficiency of insulin. Some common characteristics include a
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
sweet, fruity breath odor, a rapid weak pulse, extreme thirst, urinary frequency, and sunken-appearing
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
eyeballs.
H
A client mentions using garlic daily as an herb to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Which nursing
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
action is a priority?
H H H H
, a. Monitor the client for signs of bleeding.
H H H H H H H
b. Instruct the client that garlic tends to cause hypertension.
H H H H H H H H H
c. This may relieve fever in the same way that acetaminophen does.
H H H H H H H H H H H
d. Remind the patient to use tooth brushing and mouthwash to prevent garlic odor. - Correct Answer - a.
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H HH H H
Monitor the client for signs of bleeding.
H H H H H H H
Garlic inhibits platelet aggregation in the same way that aspirin works, and the client should be monitored
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
for bleeding. Garlic can lower the blood pressure, not raise it. It does not relieve fever. While the client will
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
likely want to avoid garlic odor, it is not a priority.
H H H H H H H H H H H
The practical nurse (PN) is reviewing the health histories of assigned clients. Which factors have a potential
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
for development of throat cancer? (Select all that apply.)
H H H H H H H H H
a. Tobacco use
H H
b. Excessive intake of alcohol
H H H H
c. Intake of hot and spicy foods
H H H H H H
d. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
H H H
e. Lack of exercise
H H H
f. Lack of dietary fiber - Correct Answer - a. Tobacco use
H H H H H H HH H H H H
b. Excessive intake of alcohol
H H H H
d. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
H H H
Rationale:
The most common risk factors for throat cancer are tobacco use, alcohol abuse, human papillomavirus
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
(HPV), a diet lacking in fruits and vegetable, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Foods seasoned
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
with herbs and spices have shown to have some health benefits in decreasing the risk of developing
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
cancer.
H
A client has undergone craniotomy to remove a brain tumor. The client spent several days in the intensive
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
care unit, and is now on the post-surgical unit. The nurse has urgently contact the surgeon to report signs
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
