OCR A Level Psychology - Research Methods [Key Terms] Final Exam Questions And Answers Guaranteed Pass.

Dependent variable - correct answer factor in an experiment that is measured. Changes are expected to be caused by the IV Independent variable - correct answer factor in an experiment that is manipulated or changed to influence the DV. Experimental condition - correct answer IV is actively changed Confounding variables - correct answer external factors that affect the DV Operationalization - correct answer defining variables so experiment can be replicated Independent measures design - correct answer experimental design where participants are allocated to levels of the IV Repeated measures design - correct answer experimental design where participants takes part in both levels of the IV Matched participants design - correct answer experimental design where participants with similar characteristics are matched and placed in separate groups which are allocated to levels of the IV Counterbalancing - correct answer used in repeated measures design. Participants are put into groups which take part in both levels of the IV but in a different order Order effects - correct answer when changes in performance are produced from repeated measures Practice effect - correct answer participant performance improves because they have already encountered the task and may remember the answer Fatigue effect - correct answer participant performance worsens because they have already encountered the task and may be bored or tired Quasi-experiment - correct answer term for an experiment in which researcher makes use of natural differences and variables are not all controlled True experiment - correct answer when participants are randomly allocated to different conditions Laboratory experiment - correct answer experiment in which the IV is manipulated and all other confounding variables are controlled to measure the effect on the DV Field experiment - correct answer experiment that takes place in the natural environment of the participants. The IV is manipulated but confounding variables cannot be controlled. Natural experiment - correct answer An experiment in which nature, rather than a researcher, manipulates an independent variable. Experimental hypothesis - correct answer either a directional or non-directional hypothesis Non-directional/Two tailed hypothesis - correct answer hypothesis that states the IV will change the DV but whether it will increase or decrease is not stated Directional/One tailed hypothesis - correct answer hypothesis that states the IV will cause increase/decrease in DV Null hypothesis - correct answer hypothesis that states there will be no correlation between the IV and DV Controlled observation - correct answer behaviour observed in an artificial situation Naturalistic observation - correct answer behaviour observed in a natural environment Structured observation - correct answer specific behaviours observed and recorded Unstructured observation - correct answer all relevant behaviour observed and recorded