OCR psychology Paper 3 Certification Exam Examples Questions And Answers Solved.

Van Leeuwen Aim - correct answer To investigate whether biological factors/ environmental factors affect intelligence using twins, parents and siblings. Van Leeuwen Background - correct answer Parents phenotypes are not correlated Genotype and environment are not correlated Van Leeuwen: Method - correct answer 112 fam, 48 Mz 64 Dz Raven's SPM (child) Raven's AMP (adult) Van Leeuwen Procedure - correct answer Children and parents separated Children tested on SPM and parents APM Lowest and highest score into mean and standard deviation Procedure took 5 hours University determined Mz or Dz using cheek swab Questionnaire Van Leeuwen Results - correct answer No significant diff in men/ boy and some /girl Heritability estimates for IQ (genes) was 67% and random environment effects 33% Van Leeuwen Conclusions - correct answer Variability in fluid intelligence (as measured by Raven) is largely explained by genetic effects that are passed from parents to children. Individual differences in intelligence are largely accounted for by genetic differences. VL App Wechsler intelligence scale for children WISC - correct answer Used widely in USA for children 6-16 years old Measures 5 mains forms or intelligence functioning Administration Trained testers administer test face-to-face lasting between 15 mins to three hours VL App Wechsler intelligence scale for children WISC Usefulness - correct answer Research shows it fits well with Gardners multiple intelligence VL App Ravens Progressive Matrices - correct answer Assesses fluid intelligence, non verbal so cultural fair SPM 60 tasks in 5 sets (a-e) each with 12 tasks, progression getting harder Takes between 15-45 mi s LV App Ravens Progressive Matrices Usefulness - correct answer Constructed validity questioned as test is based on idea of single g factor, not universally accepted Barkley-Levenson App Nurse Visitation Program - correct answer Early stress experience can damage prefrontal cortex limiting influence on VS (increasing impulse behaviour) To reduce stress in patients, visit before and after child birth Barkley-Levenson App Nurse Visitation Program Successful - correct answer Izzo interview, mothers 15 years after NVP are more controllable of stressors of life than those without NVP Barkley-Levenson App Graduated Drivers Program - correct answer Type of intervention to target risk taking Driving and pre adult brain Accidents caused by delayed maturity of cognitive delay Barkley-Levenson App Graduated Drivers Program Successful - correct answer Research Dee et all shows GDP reduces fatalities, more restrictive program - greater effectiveness GDP Stages - correct answer 1) Learner - supervised 2) Intermediate - only day light 3) Full privilege - after stage 2 and 18 years old Barkley-Levenson and Galvan Aim - correct answer To investigate if teens value money more than adults H1 - Teens will be more sensitive than adults to increased expected value H2 - Teens show greater VS activation as EV increased compared to adults H3 - Teens show heightened VS response even after matching with adult on number of gambles accepted Barkley-Levenson and Galvan Method - correct answer Lab based quasi and independent measures Self selected 19 aged 25-30 and 22 aged 13-17 Barkley-Levenson and Galvan Procedure - correct answer Intake Informed consent given Ppt give details of monthly spending and where it comes from Mean figures adults - £467 Mean figures teens - £52 All Ppt given £20 as playing money fMRI session Each ppt does gambling tasks whilst being scanned On-screen spinner shows potential gains and losses Ppt decide on each trial whether or not to accept gamble Barkley-Levenson and Galvan Results - correct answer H1 Increasing EV made acceptance rate in teens increase H2 As EV increases Prefrontal cortex increased and activation in other brain regions decreased H3/Con Teen brain has uniquely heightened sensitivity to rewards Brains Valation system is confirmed to be located in PFC VS is important in representing valuation in teens, not true in adults Gibson and Walk App Sensory Integration Therapy (SIT) - correct answer To aid children - specifically those with processing sensory info as hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli Assessment Child observed by occupational therapist who uses checklist Sensory diet Devised program including play activities Gibson and Walk App SIT usefulness - correct answer Can become daily hime routine and fits into child and parents schedul SIT is flexible and realistic to achieve Gibson and Walk App Developing from Consistency - correct answer How our perceptual system 'known' the properties of an object E.g how shape does not change, even when view from different angle Gibson and Walk App Developing from Consistency Usefullness - correct answer Newman shows it takes just 5 play sessions of 30 mins for children to improve ability to mentally rotate an object Gibson and walk aim - correct answer To investigate the age at which young children start to show the ability to use visual stimuli to be able to discriminate depth and the recording of receding distance. Gibson and Walk: Method - correct answer Lab repeated measures 36 human babies - 14 months all crawling Animal species - goat lamb chicks kittens rats Gibson and walk procedure - correct answer Each child was placed on the centre board, and his mother called him from the cliff side and then afterwards called the child from the shallow side. Similarly chicks, turtles, rates, lambs, kids, and kittens were placed on the visual cliff apparatus. A number of control experiments were conducted to ensure the design of the visual cliff apparatus had no hidden bias e.g. reflections from the glass were eliminated. In some experiments the patterned surface was replaced with a plain grey surface and finally,