Wildland firefighting 2025
|MOST COMMON QUESTIONS WITH CORRECTLY
VERIFIED ANSWERS|ALREADY A+
GRADED|GUARANTEED PASS
The three principal environmental elements affecting wildland fires are: _______, ______, and
_____ - weather, topography and fuels.
The slope (degree of incline) on which a fire is burning is a major factor in the rate of spread.
Slope contributes to preheating and ignition by "presenting the fuels" to a flame front -
On slight slopes (to 5%) rate of spread is not increased; on moderate slopes (30%) rate of spread
is increased by a factor of ____ ; on steep slopes (over ___ %) rate of spread will again double. -
2, 55
The steeper the slope, the closer the fuels are to the flame (on the uphill side), and therefore,
the faster the rate of spread and the _______ the flame front. Another problem associated with
slope is that burning materials can roll downhill, thus contributing to the spread of the fire and
endangering firefighters below. - narrower
_________ is the direction a slope is facing. - Aspect
______ ern Aspect - On slopes facing _____ you normally find heavier fuels with high moisture
content. These sites also have the lowest average temperatures, lowest rate of spread, latest
curing dates, and last areas of snow melt. _____ ern aspects usually have heavier fuels. -
North
Eastern aspect -The fuels on slopes facing east are usually ________, between those found on
northern slopes and those found on southern slopes. Surface heating occurs earlier in the day
because these slopes are the first to receive solar radiation. They are also the first to cool in the
afternoon. Eastern slopes are normally on the ___, or facing away from the general wind
direction. - transitional
lee
Southern aspect -The fuels on southern slopes usually have the lighter and flashier fuels with
the lowest moisture content. This is primarily because they receive the highest levels of solar
, radiation and, therefore have the highest average temperatures. Fires on these aspects
generally have the fastest rate of spread. -
South and west-facing slopes will normally bum hotter in the ______ - afternoon
Western aspect -The fuels on a west facing slope are transitional between the light fuels of
southern slopes and the heavier fuels on northern slopes. Surface heating occurs in the
afternoon and cooling begins later in the day. Westerly slopes are generally on the _____ side of
a mountain - windward
________ and _________ aspects are the most vulnerable to fire. This is due to the fact that the
fuels are usually lighter (easier to ignite), flashy (contributing to a faster burn rate), and warmer
(again, easier to ignite). Winds from the southwest are usually hot and dry, with lower relative
humidities. These slopes are the warmest during the primary burning hours. - South,
southwest
Ridge lines provide a break between slopes. Considering terrain and weather conditions, ridge
lines are often one of the best places to construct _______ in steep country. - fireline
The narrowness of a canyon increases the potential for preheating, spotting and ignition on the
opposite slope. Couple this with the potential for erratic wind and you can see that a narrow
canyon is usually not the location of choice to attempt to fight fire! -
_______ is a steep, narrow chute canyon. This is one of the places where the combination of
topography, weather and fuel can really create havoc. - chimney
How terrain may impact fire behavior
■ Narrow Canyons - Surface wind will normally follow the direction of the canyon, which may be
different from that of the prevailing wind. Radiant heat transfer from one slope to another
encourages spotting and area ignition.
■ Wide Canyons - Prevailing wind direction will not be altered to any great extent by the
direction of the canyon
■ Box Canyons or chutes- Fires starting near the base of box canyons or chutes will react
similarity to a fire in a stove. Air will be drawn in from the bottom, creating very strong upslope
drafts.
■ Ridges - Fires burning along lateral ridges may change direction when they reach a point
where the ridge drops off into a canyon. This change of direction is caused by the flow of air in
the canyon. -
|MOST COMMON QUESTIONS WITH CORRECTLY
VERIFIED ANSWERS|ALREADY A+
GRADED|GUARANTEED PASS
The three principal environmental elements affecting wildland fires are: _______, ______, and
_____ - weather, topography and fuels.
The slope (degree of incline) on which a fire is burning is a major factor in the rate of spread.
Slope contributes to preheating and ignition by "presenting the fuels" to a flame front -
On slight slopes (to 5%) rate of spread is not increased; on moderate slopes (30%) rate of spread
is increased by a factor of ____ ; on steep slopes (over ___ %) rate of spread will again double. -
2, 55
The steeper the slope, the closer the fuels are to the flame (on the uphill side), and therefore,
the faster the rate of spread and the _______ the flame front. Another problem associated with
slope is that burning materials can roll downhill, thus contributing to the spread of the fire and
endangering firefighters below. - narrower
_________ is the direction a slope is facing. - Aspect
______ ern Aspect - On slopes facing _____ you normally find heavier fuels with high moisture
content. These sites also have the lowest average temperatures, lowest rate of spread, latest
curing dates, and last areas of snow melt. _____ ern aspects usually have heavier fuels. -
North
Eastern aspect -The fuels on slopes facing east are usually ________, between those found on
northern slopes and those found on southern slopes. Surface heating occurs earlier in the day
because these slopes are the first to receive solar radiation. They are also the first to cool in the
afternoon. Eastern slopes are normally on the ___, or facing away from the general wind
direction. - transitional
lee
Southern aspect -The fuels on southern slopes usually have the lighter and flashier fuels with
the lowest moisture content. This is primarily because they receive the highest levels of solar
, radiation and, therefore have the highest average temperatures. Fires on these aspects
generally have the fastest rate of spread. -
South and west-facing slopes will normally bum hotter in the ______ - afternoon
Western aspect -The fuels on a west facing slope are transitional between the light fuels of
southern slopes and the heavier fuels on northern slopes. Surface heating occurs in the
afternoon and cooling begins later in the day. Westerly slopes are generally on the _____ side of
a mountain - windward
________ and _________ aspects are the most vulnerable to fire. This is due to the fact that the
fuels are usually lighter (easier to ignite), flashy (contributing to a faster burn rate), and warmer
(again, easier to ignite). Winds from the southwest are usually hot and dry, with lower relative
humidities. These slopes are the warmest during the primary burning hours. - South,
southwest
Ridge lines provide a break between slopes. Considering terrain and weather conditions, ridge
lines are often one of the best places to construct _______ in steep country. - fireline
The narrowness of a canyon increases the potential for preheating, spotting and ignition on the
opposite slope. Couple this with the potential for erratic wind and you can see that a narrow
canyon is usually not the location of choice to attempt to fight fire! -
_______ is a steep, narrow chute canyon. This is one of the places where the combination of
topography, weather and fuel can really create havoc. - chimney
How terrain may impact fire behavior
■ Narrow Canyons - Surface wind will normally follow the direction of the canyon, which may be
different from that of the prevailing wind. Radiant heat transfer from one slope to another
encourages spotting and area ignition.
■ Wide Canyons - Prevailing wind direction will not be altered to any great extent by the
direction of the canyon
■ Box Canyons or chutes- Fires starting near the base of box canyons or chutes will react
similarity to a fire in a stove. Air will be drawn in from the bottom, creating very strong upslope
drafts.
■ Ridges - Fires burning along lateral ridges may change direction when they reach a point
where the ridge drops off into a canyon. This change of direction is caused by the flow of air in
the canyon. -
