OPOTA SPO's Unit 3
Hazardous materials - ANS-Any item or agent (biological, chemical, radiological, and/or
physical, which has the potential to cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment, either
by itself or through interaction with other factors.
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) - ANS-Any weapon or device that is intended to, or has
the capability to cause death or
serious bodily injury to a significant number of people through the release, dissemination, or
impact of:
i) Toxic or poisonous chemicals or precursors.
ii) A disease organism.
iii) Radiation or radioactivity.
Recognizing Risks: Recognizing risks associated with hazardous materials - ANS-i) Exposure to
hazardous materials
(1) Acute- A dose or doses received over a short period of time.
(2) Chronic- A long term reoccurring dose.
(3) Both can have either immediate (e.g. vomiting or diarrhea) or long
term effects (e.g. cancer) depending on the material and level of exposure.
Recognizing Risks:Routes through which hazardous materials can enter the body - ANS-i)
Inhalation
ii) Ingestion
iii) Absorption
iv) Injection
Personal protective equipment (PPE) selection considerations at a hazardous material incident -
ANS--The hazardous anticipated to be present or are present at the scene.
-The probable impact of those hazards, based upon the mission role of the
individual.
The amount of protection required is material and hazard specific - ANS--The EPA has
established a set of four chemical PPE ensambles (A through D) that provide certain protection
levels and are commonly used by fire and emergency service organizations.
Level D is the - ANS--lowest level of protection and represents what an average law
enforcement officer may have available while on duty.
, Law enforcement officers may have PPE available that would provide blood and body fluid
pathogen barrier protection. Outer protective garments - may be configured to cover only parts
of the - ANS-body and torso
(1) Gloves(2) Footwear(3) Face Protection
No single type of PPE protects against - ANS-all hazards and may well be inadequate for the
incident to which an officer could respond.
First responder agencies must individually research the available data on the various
ensembles and decide, based on duties performed, what combination of PPE is -
ANS--acceptable for their organizations.
Mechanisms of harm presented to first responders - ANS--Thermal
-Radiological
-Asphyxiation
-Chemical Exposure
-Etiological (Biological Hazards)
-Mechanical- Physical Hazards
Thermal - ANS-(fire and or explosion)(1) Heat from fire or released by chemical reaction.(2)
Extreme cold, such a liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids.
Radiological - ANS-(1) Alpha radiation- will not penetrate the skin, if inhaled, will cause
long term respiratory damage.
(2) Beta radiation- Will penetrate the skin but not deep tissue. If
breathed in, it will cause severe internal damage.
(3) Gamma radiation- This is pure radiation energy and will penetrate
through the entire body causing body tissue damage. (a) Risk is dependent on several factors.
(i) Total amount (i.e. dose) of radiation received.
(ii) Do rate i.e, how fast it was received.
(iii) The specific type of radiation.
Asphyxiation - ANS-(a) Oxygen deficiency- oxygen deficient atmosphere which can be caused
by displacement of consummation of available oxygen.
(b) Chemical reaction- Toxic substance can cause physical pathological changes within the
body preventing the body from properly using oxygen.
(c) The release of certain products (e.g. nitrogen) can deplete oxygen level below survival limits.
Hazardous materials - ANS-Any item or agent (biological, chemical, radiological, and/or
physical, which has the potential to cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment, either
by itself or through interaction with other factors.
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) - ANS-Any weapon or device that is intended to, or has
the capability to cause death or
serious bodily injury to a significant number of people through the release, dissemination, or
impact of:
i) Toxic or poisonous chemicals or precursors.
ii) A disease organism.
iii) Radiation or radioactivity.
Recognizing Risks: Recognizing risks associated with hazardous materials - ANS-i) Exposure to
hazardous materials
(1) Acute- A dose or doses received over a short period of time.
(2) Chronic- A long term reoccurring dose.
(3) Both can have either immediate (e.g. vomiting or diarrhea) or long
term effects (e.g. cancer) depending on the material and level of exposure.
Recognizing Risks:Routes through which hazardous materials can enter the body - ANS-i)
Inhalation
ii) Ingestion
iii) Absorption
iv) Injection
Personal protective equipment (PPE) selection considerations at a hazardous material incident -
ANS--The hazardous anticipated to be present or are present at the scene.
-The probable impact of those hazards, based upon the mission role of the
individual.
The amount of protection required is material and hazard specific - ANS--The EPA has
established a set of four chemical PPE ensambles (A through D) that provide certain protection
levels and are commonly used by fire and emergency service organizations.
Level D is the - ANS--lowest level of protection and represents what an average law
enforcement officer may have available while on duty.
, Law enforcement officers may have PPE available that would provide blood and body fluid
pathogen barrier protection. Outer protective garments - may be configured to cover only parts
of the - ANS-body and torso
(1) Gloves(2) Footwear(3) Face Protection
No single type of PPE protects against - ANS-all hazards and may well be inadequate for the
incident to which an officer could respond.
First responder agencies must individually research the available data on the various
ensembles and decide, based on duties performed, what combination of PPE is -
ANS--acceptable for their organizations.
Mechanisms of harm presented to first responders - ANS--Thermal
-Radiological
-Asphyxiation
-Chemical Exposure
-Etiological (Biological Hazards)
-Mechanical- Physical Hazards
Thermal - ANS-(fire and or explosion)(1) Heat from fire or released by chemical reaction.(2)
Extreme cold, such a liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids.
Radiological - ANS-(1) Alpha radiation- will not penetrate the skin, if inhaled, will cause
long term respiratory damage.
(2) Beta radiation- Will penetrate the skin but not deep tissue. If
breathed in, it will cause severe internal damage.
(3) Gamma radiation- This is pure radiation energy and will penetrate
through the entire body causing body tissue damage. (a) Risk is dependent on several factors.
(i) Total amount (i.e. dose) of radiation received.
(ii) Do rate i.e, how fast it was received.
(iii) The specific type of radiation.
Asphyxiation - ANS-(a) Oxygen deficiency- oxygen deficient atmosphere which can be caused
by displacement of consummation of available oxygen.
(b) Chemical reaction- Toxic substance can cause physical pathological changes within the
body preventing the body from properly using oxygen.
(c) The release of certain products (e.g. nitrogen) can deplete oxygen level below survival limits.
