Q&A - NUTRITION TEST BANK
A patient with leg cramps is irritable and febrile and has dry mucous membranes.
Based on these findings, the patient most likely has excess levels of which mineral?
1) Sodium
2) Potassium
3) Phosphorus
4) Magnesium - Answer-ANS: 1
1 Signs and symptoms associated with sodium excess include thirst, fever, dry and
sticky tongue and mucous membranes, restlessness, irritability, and seizures. 2
Findings associated with potassium excess include cardiac arrhythmias, weakness,
abdominal cramps, diarrhea, anxiety, and paresthesia. 3 Phosphorus excess leads
to tetany and seizures. 4 Magnesium excess causes weakness, nausea, and
malaise.
A patient who was prescribed furosemide (Lasix) is deficient in potassium.
Therefore, the patient should be instructed to increase his intake of which foods?
1) Bananas, peaches, molasses, and potatoes
2) Eggs, baking soda, and baking powder
3) Wheat bran, chocolate, eggs, and sardines
4) Egg yolks, nuts, and sardines - Answer-ANS: 1
1 Foods rich in potassium include bananas, peaches, molasses, meats, avocados,
milk, shellfish, dates, figs, and potatoes. 2 Eggs, baking soda, and baking powder
have high sodium content. 3 Dairy products, beef, pork, beans, sardines, eggs,
chicken, wheat bran, and chocolate are rich in phosphorus. 4 Egg yolks, nuts,
sardines, dairy products, broccoli, and legumes are rich in calcium.
During the day shift, a patient's temperature measures 97F (36.1C) orally. At 2000,
the patient's temperature measures 102F (38.9C). What effect does this rise in
temperature have on the patient's basal metabolic rate?
1) Increases the rate by 7%
2) Decreases the rate by 14%
3) Increases the rate by 35%
4) Decreases the rate by 28% - Answer-ANS: 3
Feedback 1 Basal metabolic rate increases 7% for each degree Fahrenheit (0.56C);
therefore, this patient's temperature rise is an increase of 35%. 2 Basal metabolic
rate increases 7% for each degree Fahrenheit (0.56C); therefore, this patient's
temperature rise is an increase of 35%. 3 Basal metabolic rate increases 7% for
each degree Fahrenheit (0.56C); therefore, this patient's temperature rise is an
increase of 35%. 4 Basal metabolic rate increases 7% for each degree Fahrenheit
(0.56C); therefore, this patient's temperature rise is an increase of 35%.
A mother brings her 4-month-old infant for a well-baby checkup. The mother tells the
nurse that she would like to start bottle feeding her baby because she cannot keep
up with the demands of breastfeeding since returning to work. Which response by
the nurse is appropriate?
, 1) "Make sure you give your baby an iron-fortified formula to supplement any stored
breast milk you have."
2) "You really need to continue breastfeeding your baby."
3) "Give your baby formula until he is 6 months old; then you can introduce whole
milk."
4) "Your baby weighs 14 pounds, so he will require about 36 ounces of formula a
day." - Answer-ANS: 1
1 The nurse should emphasize the importance of giving the baby iron-fortified
formula because fetal iron stores become depleted by 4 to 6 months of age. 2 The
nurse should not make the mother feel guilty about her decision to stop
breastfeeding. 3 Infants younger than 1 year of age should not receive regular cow's
milk because it may place a strain on the immature kidneys. 4 Because the baby
weighs 14 pounds, he will require about 21 ounces of formula a day (not 36 ounces),
based on the nutritional recommendations that infants require 80 to 100 mL of
formula or breast milk per kilogram of body weight per day.
Patients may be deficient in which vitamin during the winter months? 1) A
2) D
3) E
4) K - Answer-ANS: 2
There is no seasonal tie to a vitamin A deficiency. 2 The body can synthesize vitamin
D from a cholesterol compound in the skin when exposed to adequate sunlight.
People at risk for vitamin D deficiency are those who spend little time outdoors, older
people, and people who live in an institution (e.g., a nursing home). The deficiency
can also occur in the winter at northern and southern latitudes, in people who keep
their bodies covered (e.g., traditional Muslim women), and in those who use
sunscreen. Because breast milk contains only small amounts of vitamin D, breastfed
infants who are not exposed to enough sunlight are at risk of the deficiency and
rickets. 3 There is no seasonal tie to a vitamin E deficiency. 4 There is no seasonal
tie to a vitamin K deficiency.
Which nutrient deficiency increases the risk for pressure ulcers?
1) Carbohydrate
2) Protein
3) Fat
4) Vitamin K - Answer-ANS: 2
1 Carbohydrates are the primary fuel of the body. 2 Protein is necessary for growth
and maintenance of body tissues. Protein deficiency places the patient at risk for
skin breakdown and pressure ulcer formation. 3 Fat is a source of energy and
contains essential nutrients. 4 Vitamin K aids blood clotting.
A patient has anemia. An appropriate goal for that the patient would be for him to
increase the intake of which nutrient?
1) Calcium
2) Magnesium
3) Potassium
4) Iron - Answer-ANS: 4
A patient with leg cramps is irritable and febrile and has dry mucous membranes.
Based on these findings, the patient most likely has excess levels of which mineral?
1) Sodium
2) Potassium
3) Phosphorus
4) Magnesium - Answer-ANS: 1
1 Signs and symptoms associated with sodium excess include thirst, fever, dry and
sticky tongue and mucous membranes, restlessness, irritability, and seizures. 2
Findings associated with potassium excess include cardiac arrhythmias, weakness,
abdominal cramps, diarrhea, anxiety, and paresthesia. 3 Phosphorus excess leads
to tetany and seizures. 4 Magnesium excess causes weakness, nausea, and
malaise.
A patient who was prescribed furosemide (Lasix) is deficient in potassium.
Therefore, the patient should be instructed to increase his intake of which foods?
1) Bananas, peaches, molasses, and potatoes
2) Eggs, baking soda, and baking powder
3) Wheat bran, chocolate, eggs, and sardines
4) Egg yolks, nuts, and sardines - Answer-ANS: 1
1 Foods rich in potassium include bananas, peaches, molasses, meats, avocados,
milk, shellfish, dates, figs, and potatoes. 2 Eggs, baking soda, and baking powder
have high sodium content. 3 Dairy products, beef, pork, beans, sardines, eggs,
chicken, wheat bran, and chocolate are rich in phosphorus. 4 Egg yolks, nuts,
sardines, dairy products, broccoli, and legumes are rich in calcium.
During the day shift, a patient's temperature measures 97F (36.1C) orally. At 2000,
the patient's temperature measures 102F (38.9C). What effect does this rise in
temperature have on the patient's basal metabolic rate?
1) Increases the rate by 7%
2) Decreases the rate by 14%
3) Increases the rate by 35%
4) Decreases the rate by 28% - Answer-ANS: 3
Feedback 1 Basal metabolic rate increases 7% for each degree Fahrenheit (0.56C);
therefore, this patient's temperature rise is an increase of 35%. 2 Basal metabolic
rate increases 7% for each degree Fahrenheit (0.56C); therefore, this patient's
temperature rise is an increase of 35%. 3 Basal metabolic rate increases 7% for
each degree Fahrenheit (0.56C); therefore, this patient's temperature rise is an
increase of 35%. 4 Basal metabolic rate increases 7% for each degree Fahrenheit
(0.56C); therefore, this patient's temperature rise is an increase of 35%.
A mother brings her 4-month-old infant for a well-baby checkup. The mother tells the
nurse that she would like to start bottle feeding her baby because she cannot keep
up with the demands of breastfeeding since returning to work. Which response by
the nurse is appropriate?
, 1) "Make sure you give your baby an iron-fortified formula to supplement any stored
breast milk you have."
2) "You really need to continue breastfeeding your baby."
3) "Give your baby formula until he is 6 months old; then you can introduce whole
milk."
4) "Your baby weighs 14 pounds, so he will require about 36 ounces of formula a
day." - Answer-ANS: 1
1 The nurse should emphasize the importance of giving the baby iron-fortified
formula because fetal iron stores become depleted by 4 to 6 months of age. 2 The
nurse should not make the mother feel guilty about her decision to stop
breastfeeding. 3 Infants younger than 1 year of age should not receive regular cow's
milk because it may place a strain on the immature kidneys. 4 Because the baby
weighs 14 pounds, he will require about 21 ounces of formula a day (not 36 ounces),
based on the nutritional recommendations that infants require 80 to 100 mL of
formula or breast milk per kilogram of body weight per day.
Patients may be deficient in which vitamin during the winter months? 1) A
2) D
3) E
4) K - Answer-ANS: 2
There is no seasonal tie to a vitamin A deficiency. 2 The body can synthesize vitamin
D from a cholesterol compound in the skin when exposed to adequate sunlight.
People at risk for vitamin D deficiency are those who spend little time outdoors, older
people, and people who live in an institution (e.g., a nursing home). The deficiency
can also occur in the winter at northern and southern latitudes, in people who keep
their bodies covered (e.g., traditional Muslim women), and in those who use
sunscreen. Because breast milk contains only small amounts of vitamin D, breastfed
infants who are not exposed to enough sunlight are at risk of the deficiency and
rickets. 3 There is no seasonal tie to a vitamin E deficiency. 4 There is no seasonal
tie to a vitamin K deficiency.
Which nutrient deficiency increases the risk for pressure ulcers?
1) Carbohydrate
2) Protein
3) Fat
4) Vitamin K - Answer-ANS: 2
1 Carbohydrates are the primary fuel of the body. 2 Protein is necessary for growth
and maintenance of body tissues. Protein deficiency places the patient at risk for
skin breakdown and pressure ulcer formation. 3 Fat is a source of energy and
contains essential nutrients. 4 Vitamin K aids blood clotting.
A patient has anemia. An appropriate goal for that the patient would be for him to
increase the intake of which nutrient?
1) Calcium
2) Magnesium
3) Potassium
4) Iron - Answer-ANS: 4
