APHON UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
How does cancer start? - CORRECT ANSWER - with one cell; one genetic mutation
How are cyclins activated? - CORRECT ANSWER - When they are bound with a CDK
enzyme
What do cyclins do? - CORRECT ANSWER - stimulate the cell to go to the next phase
What do CDK inhibitors do? - CORRECT ANSWER - prevent damaged cells from
replicating
What is apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER - programmed cell death
What is a natural cell death where the cell blebbs and is removed by phagocytes? - CORRECT
ANSWER - apoptosis
Do cancer cells have apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER - no
What is the primary reason multiple chemotherapy agents are used to treat cancer? - CORRECT
ANSWER - resistance to single chemotherapy agents can develop
Why do we use multiple chemotherapy agents? - CORRECT ANSWER - to overcome drug
resistance and give a broader range of coverage against naturally resistant tumor cells
In the TNM staging system, what does the T stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER - primary
Tumor size
Questions and CORRECT Answers
How does cancer start? - CORRECT ANSWER - with one cell; one genetic mutation
How are cyclins activated? - CORRECT ANSWER - When they are bound with a CDK
enzyme
What do cyclins do? - CORRECT ANSWER - stimulate the cell to go to the next phase
What do CDK inhibitors do? - CORRECT ANSWER - prevent damaged cells from
replicating
What is apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER - programmed cell death
What is a natural cell death where the cell blebbs and is removed by phagocytes? - CORRECT
ANSWER - apoptosis
Do cancer cells have apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER - no
What is the primary reason multiple chemotherapy agents are used to treat cancer? - CORRECT
ANSWER - resistance to single chemotherapy agents can develop
Why do we use multiple chemotherapy agents? - CORRECT ANSWER - to overcome drug
resistance and give a broader range of coverage against naturally resistant tumor cells
In the TNM staging system, what does the T stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER - primary
Tumor size
