BIO 152 Final Exam

BIO 152 Final Exam _________ plants concentrate carbon dioxide into bundle sheath cells to maximize efficiency of photosynthesis - ANS C4 plants A fern requires ___ for fertilization to occur. - ANS water A pesticide blocks the proton symporter from working in the root hairs of a plant's root system. How will this affect the ability of the plant to absorb nutrients from the soil? Assume that both cations and anions have lower concentrations in the soil and high concentrations inside the cells of the plant - ANS the plant will be unable to absorb anions but will still be able to absorb cations A plant would bear sweet fruits with many seeds in order to - ANS spread its seeds over a long distance A rhizobia provides ___ to its host plant, and it receives ___ from the plant - ANS nitrogen compounds; carbohydrates a seed contains - ANS an embryo A sieve tube cell would be found in the - ANS Phloem A sink in sucrose transport - ANS Takes sucrose out of the phloem all seed plants also have - ANS xylem and phloem An autotroph... - ANS obtains carbon from simpler molecules such as CO2 an example of animal pollination is - ANS a bee visiting several flowers anatomy of a leaf - ANS angiosperms are - ANS fruit-producing plants As electrons are passed through the electron transport chain after PSII, what is their energy used for? - ANS maintaining and increasing the proton gradient as reproductive strategies that have evolved in plants from moss to flowering plants, _________ has become progressively larger - ANS sporophyte stage as solutes are absorbed by the roots, water is drawn from the soil by - ANS osmosis between a leaf and a growing root, sucrose would travel by - ANS pressure flow C3 photosynthesis - ANS The most common form of photosynthesis in which atmospheric CO2 is used to form 3-phosphoglycerate, a three-carbon sugar. C3 vs C4 plants - ANS C3 plants are more susceptible to excess O2 from heat whereas C4 plants can withstand heat a little longer C4 photosynthesis - ANS The two-step photosynthetic pathway in which CO2 is first fixed in mesophyll cells to form 4-carbon acids, and then the 4-carbon acids are broken down into 3-carbon acids in the bundle sheath cells. calvin cycle 3 steps - ANS fixation, reduction, regeneration Calvin cycle reduction - ANS Input: PGA Output: G3P Calvin Cycle: Fixation - ANS Input: CO2 Output: PGA Calvin Cycle: Regeneration Input - ANS G3P CAM photosynthesis - ANS The photosynthetic pathway in which carbon fixation takes place at night, and the resulting carbon acids are stored until daylight when they are broken down into pyruvate and CO2. During carboxylation, ________ molecules of carbon dioxide is/are added to a ________ - carbon substrate - ANS 1, 5 Examples of C3 plants - ANS most plants, ex. bean, apple, tomato, tropical foliage plants Examples of C4 plants - ANS corn and sugarcane examples of CAM plants - ANS cactus, pineapple flowering plants are also called - ANS angiosperms G3P is produced during the ______ step of the Calvin cycle - ANS reduction gymnosperms and angiosperms have the following in common except - ANS ovaries gymnosperms have ______ as their main reproductive structures - ANS cones How do protein pumps impact potassium uptake - ANS they decrease positive charge within the cell to attract potassium ions if a plant could not produce a cuticle, what would be the likely result - ANS the plant would loose too much water to the air In a mature tree in summer, a leaf would be a ___ and a root would be a ___ for sucrose - ANS source, sink In cation exchange, metallic ions such as Mg+ are exchanged for - ANS H+ pumped out of the roots In photosynthesis, the proton gradient that generates ATP is primarily produced by - ANS Photosystem II In photosystem II, electrons come most directly from - ANS water In plants, nitrogen is a - ANS essential component of proteins and nucleic acids In temperate, not extremely hot or cold conditions with plenty of water in the soil, which type of photosynthesis is most efficient - ANS C3 plants in the growing bloom of a flower, the sugar would _________ the phloem by ________ - ANS exit; diffusion in the leaf, water exits the leaf by _________, which pulls water up through the xylem by __________. - ANS transpiration; cohesion in xylem, the source of energy that drives bulk flow is generated in the - ANS leaves Instead of adding carbon dioxide to RuBP, RuBisCO sometimes adds oxygen. Why is this harmful to the plant - ANS it requires ATP to remove oxygen to regenerate RuBP Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) - ANS mycorrhizae provide _____ for the root - ANS increased surface area for absorption mycorrhizae provide _______ for the root - ANS increased surface area for absorption Next to a waterfall, you find a large fern plant clinging to a rock with no other ferns within 20 feet. How did this fern arrive here? - ANS it grew from a gametophyte in the same place one advantage of wind pollination is - ANS It does not require extra sucrose for nectar plants produce spores by - ANS meiosis from diploid cells plants produce spores by - ANS meiosis from diploid cells Pollen is the ___ of a seed plant - ANS male gametophyte pollen is the ____ of a seed plant - ANS male gametophyte Regeneration phase output - ANS RuBP Roots increase their surface area by - ANS having root hairs being made of thin, branching tubes using the filaments of mychorhizzae seed plants include all the following except - ANS ferns solutes in the symplastic pathway travel - ANS from cell to cell through plasmodesmata Sucrose loading in phloem results in - ANS high pressure at the source Terrestial green plants are referred to as ________ because they can use raw materials from the environment to assemble their own carbon-based molecules needed to survive - ANS autotrophs The _________ system of plants specializes in water, nutrient absorption, bulk transport, and storage - ANS Root the bryophytes are non vascular plants and include - ANS mosses the endodermis of a root is located - ANS Just outside the vascular bundle the overall purpose off the light reactions is to - ANS make ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle the portion of a mass that is green and long-lived is the - ANS haploid gametophyte The rhizosphere refers to the area of - ANS Helpful bacteria around the root the spore of a fern - ANS Produces a small haploid plant The transfer of sunlight energy to electrons is accomplished by - ANS chlorophyll what do the endodermis and casparian strip do in a root - ANS protect the xylem from toxins traveling in the apoplectic pathway What does the "tension" part of the cohesion-tension theory refer to? - ANS The ability of molecules at the surface of water to pull on the molecules below What does the Calvin cycle do - ANS fixes carbon What is one way that plants reduce their risk of cavitation - ANS By using more tracheids in their xylem what is the correct cycle of alternation of generation in plants - ANS gamete, sporophyte, spore, gametophyte, gamete what is the primary function of the plant cell types shown in the image - ANS to transport water and solutes throughout the body what is the primary purpose of the empty space seen around spongy mesophyll - ANS to allow carbon dioxide to get to photosynthetically active cells What is the role of water in sucrose transport - ANS it enters by osmosis at the source, pushing sap away from the source What occurs in the stroma of chloroplast - ANS fixation of carbon What process generates the pulling force that creates the flow through xylem - ANS Transpiration what process generates the pushing force that creates the flow through sieve elements - ANS sucrose loading what produces the pressure in the pressure flow hypothesis - ANS loading of sucrose into the phloem when the plant does photosynthesis, it must balance the absorption of CO2 with the loss of __________ from stomata - ANS water When the plant does photosynthesis, it must balance the absorption of CO2 with the the loss of ___ from stomata. - ANS water Where are companion cells found - ANS phloem Where are tracheids found? - ANS xylem where do the electrons move to next, right after they are split from a water molecule - ANS they are passed along to PSII Where does the Calvin cycle occur? - ANS stroma of the chloroplast where would you look for the enzymes associated with the Calvin cycle - ANS in the stroma Where would you look to find Photosystems I and II - ANS thylakoid membrane Which of the following explains how guard cells open a stomata? - ANS guard cells pump ions into their cytoplasm, from the extracellular space Water then enters the guard cells by osmosis which of the following is a stimulus that leads to guard cells to closing the stomata - ANS nighttime in C3 plants which of the following is characteristic of gymnosperms - ANS they are wind pollinated which of the following statements about nitrogen fixation in root nodules is correct - ANS the plant contributes energy for the process Which of the following stimuli would cause guard cells in a C3 plant to open? - ANS More oxygen in the leaf which of the following structures if found in the stem system but not in the root of a terrestrial green plant? - ANS cuticle Which of the following would increase flow through xylem? - ANS opening more stomata which of these statements describes a gametophyte stage of the plant life cycle - ANS grows from a spore which of these would cause a decrease in the transport of water in the xylem - ANS more stomata closed in the leaf Which part of photosynthesis directly uses ATP? - ANS Rearranging molecules to form RuBP Which part of the leaf allows CO2 to diffuse through the leaf - ANS spongy mesophyll which statement is correct with regards to bulk flow through a plant - ANS phloem pressure is highest close to sucrose sources Which type of photosynthesis stores carbon as an acid within vacuoles so that it can open its stomata at night and leave them closed during the day? - ANS CAM why is nitrogen fixation considered an essential process for plants - ANS fixed nitrogen is often the limiting factor in plant growth You observe a plant cell that is dead at maturity, is an elongated diamond in shape, and has small holes at the ends of its cell wall. This is a - ANS tracheid