MTL200 Midterm Exam Study Questions with
Correct Solutions
What are the three primary material eras?
Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age
What are the four levels of Material Structures?
Subatomic Structures, Atomic Structures, Micro structures, Macro structures
What are the three basic materials?
Metals, Ceramics and Polymers
Advanced Materials
semiconductors, biomaterials, smart materials, nanomaterials
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, usually equals the number of neutrons
Isotope
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
formula for atomic mass
Atomic Number + Neutrons
mole
the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance 6.022 x 10^23
Bohr's Atomic Model
Atoms have levels surrounding the nucleus where electrons are found. Levels can hold different
amounts of electrons depending on their distance from the nucleus.
Wave-Mechanical Model [Schrodinger's Model]
, Modern model of the atom, atoms have electrons in "orbitals" that are like clouds around the
nucleus
Quantum Numbers
A set of four numbers that specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of
electrons in orbitals
Principal Quantum Number (s)
symbolized by n, indicates the main energy level/shell occupied by the electron. N is the row in
the periodic table
Secondary Quantum Number
symbol = l; tells which sublevel the electron is on and determines the shape of the orbital;
sublevels are repetitively numbered and also lettered
Valence Electrons
The electrons in the outermost shell, which participate in the bonding between atoms.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
An atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction
Bonding Energy
The energy required to separate two atoms that are chemically bonded to each other to an
infinite distance
What does a column group represent in a periodic table?
Similar valence electron configurations/structure and chemical/physical properties
Electropositive Elements
The elements have a tendency to release valence electrons (metals) and have a low
electronegativity
Correct Solutions
What are the three primary material eras?
Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age
What are the four levels of Material Structures?
Subatomic Structures, Atomic Structures, Micro structures, Macro structures
What are the three basic materials?
Metals, Ceramics and Polymers
Advanced Materials
semiconductors, biomaterials, smart materials, nanomaterials
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, usually equals the number of neutrons
Isotope
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
formula for atomic mass
Atomic Number + Neutrons
mole
the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance 6.022 x 10^23
Bohr's Atomic Model
Atoms have levels surrounding the nucleus where electrons are found. Levels can hold different
amounts of electrons depending on their distance from the nucleus.
Wave-Mechanical Model [Schrodinger's Model]
, Modern model of the atom, atoms have electrons in "orbitals" that are like clouds around the
nucleus
Quantum Numbers
A set of four numbers that specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of
electrons in orbitals
Principal Quantum Number (s)
symbolized by n, indicates the main energy level/shell occupied by the electron. N is the row in
the periodic table
Secondary Quantum Number
symbol = l; tells which sublevel the electron is on and determines the shape of the orbital;
sublevels are repetitively numbered and also lettered
Valence Electrons
The electrons in the outermost shell, which participate in the bonding between atoms.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
An atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction
Bonding Energy
The energy required to separate two atoms that are chemically bonded to each other to an
infinite distance
What does a column group represent in a periodic table?
Similar valence electron configurations/structure and chemical/physical properties
Electropositive Elements
The elements have a tendency to release valence electrons (metals) and have a low
electronegativity
