NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm questions
with verified answers
3 characteristics of bronchitis Ans✓✓✓ bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2
successive years
3 layers of the bronchioles Ans✓✓✓ innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
Acute Kidney Injury Ans✓✓✓ Sudden decline in kidney function with a decrease
in GFR and an increase in plasma creatinine and BUN levels -results in oliguria
After air passes through the trachea where does it go? Ans✓✓✓ goes into the
left or right bronchi
Afterload Ans✓✓✓ the amount of resistance to open the semilunar valves and
eject of blood from the ventricle
alveolar hyperinflation Ans✓✓✓ When air is unable to move out of the alveolar
like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus
trapping air inside
anemia risk factors Ans✓✓✓ acute or chronic blood loss, increased hemolysis,
inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption, bone marrow suppression, age
,angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) Ans✓✓✓ an enzyme that converts
angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Ascending infection Ans✓✓✓ - urethra to bladder, and then to kidney
- due to: bacteria from residual fecal contamination
Asthma Ans✓✓✓ Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
average amount of preload? Ans✓✓✓ 120-130 mls
Azoetmia Ans✓✓✓ presence of elevated plasma creatinine
benign prostatic hyperplasia Ans✓✓✓ benign growth of cells within the prostate
gland
Biventricular failure Ans✓✓✓ unresolved left sided heart failure will increase
pressure on the right side of the heart contributing to right sided heart failure as
well
Bladder anatomy Ans✓✓✓ - ureter
- bladder
-urethra
blood cell formation in adults over 20 Ans✓✓✓ red marrow in large bones
, -illium, vertebrae, cranium, jaw, sternum, ribs, humerus, and femur
Blood cell formation in chidren 0-5 years old Ans✓✓✓ red marrow of all bones to
make blood cells
blood hydrostatic pressure Ans✓✓✓ the pressure produced by a fluid against a
surface
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) Ans✓✓✓ Age-associated prostate gland
enlargement that can cause urination difficulty.
BPH treatment Ans✓✓✓ - Alpha-adrenergic antagonists: terazosin, doxazosin
- 5-alpha reductase inhibitors: finasteride, dutasteride
- Transurethral prostatectomy
- Open prostatectomy
Bronchioles Ans✓✓✓ smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
bronchitis Ans✓✓✓ inflammation of the bronchial tubes
cardiac reserve Ans✓✓✓ difference between resting and maximal CO; should be
about 4-5x as high but does decrease 1% per year after age 30
causes of anemia Ans✓✓✓ - impaired RBC production
- excessive blood loss
with verified answers
3 characteristics of bronchitis Ans✓✓✓ bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2
successive years
3 layers of the bronchioles Ans✓✓✓ innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
Acute Kidney Injury Ans✓✓✓ Sudden decline in kidney function with a decrease
in GFR and an increase in plasma creatinine and BUN levels -results in oliguria
After air passes through the trachea where does it go? Ans✓✓✓ goes into the
left or right bronchi
Afterload Ans✓✓✓ the amount of resistance to open the semilunar valves and
eject of blood from the ventricle
alveolar hyperinflation Ans✓✓✓ When air is unable to move out of the alveolar
like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus
trapping air inside
anemia risk factors Ans✓✓✓ acute or chronic blood loss, increased hemolysis,
inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption, bone marrow suppression, age
,angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) Ans✓✓✓ an enzyme that converts
angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Ascending infection Ans✓✓✓ - urethra to bladder, and then to kidney
- due to: bacteria from residual fecal contamination
Asthma Ans✓✓✓ Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
average amount of preload? Ans✓✓✓ 120-130 mls
Azoetmia Ans✓✓✓ presence of elevated plasma creatinine
benign prostatic hyperplasia Ans✓✓✓ benign growth of cells within the prostate
gland
Biventricular failure Ans✓✓✓ unresolved left sided heart failure will increase
pressure on the right side of the heart contributing to right sided heart failure as
well
Bladder anatomy Ans✓✓✓ - ureter
- bladder
-urethra
blood cell formation in adults over 20 Ans✓✓✓ red marrow in large bones
, -illium, vertebrae, cranium, jaw, sternum, ribs, humerus, and femur
Blood cell formation in chidren 0-5 years old Ans✓✓✓ red marrow of all bones to
make blood cells
blood hydrostatic pressure Ans✓✓✓ the pressure produced by a fluid against a
surface
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) Ans✓✓✓ Age-associated prostate gland
enlargement that can cause urination difficulty.
BPH treatment Ans✓✓✓ - Alpha-adrenergic antagonists: terazosin, doxazosin
- 5-alpha reductase inhibitors: finasteride, dutasteride
- Transurethral prostatectomy
- Open prostatectomy
Bronchioles Ans✓✓✓ smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
bronchitis Ans✓✓✓ inflammation of the bronchial tubes
cardiac reserve Ans✓✓✓ difference between resting and maximal CO; should be
about 4-5x as high but does decrease 1% per year after age 30
causes of anemia Ans✓✓✓ - impaired RBC production
- excessive blood loss
