Nur 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM 2025 APRIL
Question 1
Pts
Multiple Choice:
You Are Seeing A Patient In Your Clinic Who Recently Suffered A TIA. Recent Diagnostic Tests Revealed
That He Has Atrial Fibrillation. You Decide To Put Him On A Blood Thinner To Prevent A Future
Neurologic Event. This Would Be An Example Of:
Primary Prevention Secondary
Prevention Correct!
Tertiary Prevention
Question 2
Not Yet Graded / 4 Pts
Fill In The Blank:___________ Propel Chyme Along The Small Intestine Toward The Large Intestine In
One Direction.
Your Answer: Peristalsis.
Answer: Peristaltic Movements
Question 3
Not Yet Graded / 4 Pts
You Are Reading Results From A Recent Blood Panel For Fred, A 76-Year-Old Male. His Hemoglobin
Levels Are 15.5 G/Dl. Would This Be Considered A Normal Or Abnormal Value?
Your Answer:
Normal Value.
Normal
,Question 4
Pts
Multiple Choice:
Which Of The Following Is An Active Form Of Vitamin D?
Correct!
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol
Erythropoietin
Cholecalciferol
Question 5
Not Yet Graded / 4 Pts
List 2 Differences Between Benign And Malignant Neoplasms.
Your Answer:
Benign Tumors Have Distinct, Smooth And Regular Borders. They Are Also Become Large, But Do Not
Invade Nearby Tissues Or Spread To Other Parts Of Your Body.
Malignant Tumors Have Irregular Borders That Can Spread To Other Parts Of Your Body And It Spreads
Quicker Than Benign Tumors.
Any Combination Of The Following - Benign Tumors Are Well-Differentiated Cells, Resemble The Cells Of
Tissues Of Origin, And Have A Slow, Progressive Rate Of Growth. They Grow By Expansion And Remain
Localized To Their Site Of Origin, Not Capable Of Metastasizing. Malignant Neoplasms Invade And
Destroy Tissue. They Grow Rapidly, Spread To Other Parts Of The Body, And Lack Welldefined Margins.
They Can Compress Blood Vessels And Outgrow Their Blood Supply, Causing Ischemia And Tissue Injury.
Question 6
Not Yet Graded / 4 Pts
You Are Talking To Your Patient Who Has Been Recently Diagnosed With Osteoporosis. They Mention
That They Joined A Silver Sneakers Program At Their Local Gym Because They Read That Weight-Bearing
Exercise Promotes Bone Density. What Word Of Caution Would You Give To Them As They Participate In
This Program?
Your Answer:
Try To Not Over Strain Your Body. Avoid Forward Bends And Twists As These Movements Can Strain The
Spine. Any Movement Involving Extreme Spinal Flexion Can Create Compression Between The Vertebrae
And Possibly Lead To A Cascade Of Fractures. Use As Much Impact As You Can Tolerate, Don't Go
Beyond What You Cannot Handle.
, While Weight-Bearing Exercises Have Been Shown To Increase Bone Density, They Should Be Done In A
Safe Way Minimizing The Risk For Falls As They Are At Increased Risk For Fracture With A Diagnosis Of
Osteoporosis.
Question 7
Not Yet Graded / 4 Pts
You Are Evaluating A Patient In The Emergency Department Who Was Brought In By Ambulance After
Being Involved In A Serious Motor Vehicle Accident. Their Respiratory Rate Is Increased; They Are
Experiencing Difficulty Breathing, And Breath Sounds In Their Right Lung Are Diminished. You Order A CT
Scan And Determine That They Are Experiencing A Pneumothorax Of Their Right Lung. Pulse Oximetry
And Arterial Blood Gases Reveal That Blood Oxygenation Is Outside Of Normal Limits. Describe The
Treatment Required To Reverse This Condition.
Your Answer:
Chest Tube Used To Remove Excess Air.
Emergency Treatment Of A Tension Pneumothorax Requires The Immediate Insertion Of A Largebore
Needle Or Chest Tube Into The Affected Side, Along With One-Way Valve Drainage Or Continuous Chest
Suction To Aid In Re-Inflating The Affected Lung.
(If A Chest Tube Is Mentioned, 3 Points Should Be Awarded. Full Credit (4 Points) Should Be Awarded If A
Chest Tub Along With Draining And Suction Are Mentioned.)
Question 8
Not Yet Graded / 4 Pts
True Or False. If False, Explain Why It Is False.
An Initial Immune Response That Is Generalized (Non-Specific) And Unable To Distinguish Between
Various Foreign Agents Is Characteristic Of Adaptive Immunity.
Your Answer:
False, An Initial Immune Response That Is Specific Is Able To Distinguish Between Various Foreign Agents
Is A Characterisitic Of Adaptive Immunity.
False. An Initial Immune Response That Is Generalized (Non-Specific) And Unable To Distinguish Between
Various Foreign Agents Is Characteristic Of Innate Immunity.
OR
Adaptive Immunity Serves Not Only To Distinguish Self From Non-Self But To Recognize And Destroy
Specific Foreign Agents Based On Their Different Antigenic Properties.
FINAL EXAM 2025 APRIL
Question 1
Pts
Multiple Choice:
You Are Seeing A Patient In Your Clinic Who Recently Suffered A TIA. Recent Diagnostic Tests Revealed
That He Has Atrial Fibrillation. You Decide To Put Him On A Blood Thinner To Prevent A Future
Neurologic Event. This Would Be An Example Of:
Primary Prevention Secondary
Prevention Correct!
Tertiary Prevention
Question 2
Not Yet Graded / 4 Pts
Fill In The Blank:___________ Propel Chyme Along The Small Intestine Toward The Large Intestine In
One Direction.
Your Answer: Peristalsis.
Answer: Peristaltic Movements
Question 3
Not Yet Graded / 4 Pts
You Are Reading Results From A Recent Blood Panel For Fred, A 76-Year-Old Male. His Hemoglobin
Levels Are 15.5 G/Dl. Would This Be Considered A Normal Or Abnormal Value?
Your Answer:
Normal Value.
Normal
,Question 4
Pts
Multiple Choice:
Which Of The Following Is An Active Form Of Vitamin D?
Correct!
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol
Erythropoietin
Cholecalciferol
Question 5
Not Yet Graded / 4 Pts
List 2 Differences Between Benign And Malignant Neoplasms.
Your Answer:
Benign Tumors Have Distinct, Smooth And Regular Borders. They Are Also Become Large, But Do Not
Invade Nearby Tissues Or Spread To Other Parts Of Your Body.
Malignant Tumors Have Irregular Borders That Can Spread To Other Parts Of Your Body And It Spreads
Quicker Than Benign Tumors.
Any Combination Of The Following - Benign Tumors Are Well-Differentiated Cells, Resemble The Cells Of
Tissues Of Origin, And Have A Slow, Progressive Rate Of Growth. They Grow By Expansion And Remain
Localized To Their Site Of Origin, Not Capable Of Metastasizing. Malignant Neoplasms Invade And
Destroy Tissue. They Grow Rapidly, Spread To Other Parts Of The Body, And Lack Welldefined Margins.
They Can Compress Blood Vessels And Outgrow Their Blood Supply, Causing Ischemia And Tissue Injury.
Question 6
Not Yet Graded / 4 Pts
You Are Talking To Your Patient Who Has Been Recently Diagnosed With Osteoporosis. They Mention
That They Joined A Silver Sneakers Program At Their Local Gym Because They Read That Weight-Bearing
Exercise Promotes Bone Density. What Word Of Caution Would You Give To Them As They Participate In
This Program?
Your Answer:
Try To Not Over Strain Your Body. Avoid Forward Bends And Twists As These Movements Can Strain The
Spine. Any Movement Involving Extreme Spinal Flexion Can Create Compression Between The Vertebrae
And Possibly Lead To A Cascade Of Fractures. Use As Much Impact As You Can Tolerate, Don't Go
Beyond What You Cannot Handle.
, While Weight-Bearing Exercises Have Been Shown To Increase Bone Density, They Should Be Done In A
Safe Way Minimizing The Risk For Falls As They Are At Increased Risk For Fracture With A Diagnosis Of
Osteoporosis.
Question 7
Not Yet Graded / 4 Pts
You Are Evaluating A Patient In The Emergency Department Who Was Brought In By Ambulance After
Being Involved In A Serious Motor Vehicle Accident. Their Respiratory Rate Is Increased; They Are
Experiencing Difficulty Breathing, And Breath Sounds In Their Right Lung Are Diminished. You Order A CT
Scan And Determine That They Are Experiencing A Pneumothorax Of Their Right Lung. Pulse Oximetry
And Arterial Blood Gases Reveal That Blood Oxygenation Is Outside Of Normal Limits. Describe The
Treatment Required To Reverse This Condition.
Your Answer:
Chest Tube Used To Remove Excess Air.
Emergency Treatment Of A Tension Pneumothorax Requires The Immediate Insertion Of A Largebore
Needle Or Chest Tube Into The Affected Side, Along With One-Way Valve Drainage Or Continuous Chest
Suction To Aid In Re-Inflating The Affected Lung.
(If A Chest Tube Is Mentioned, 3 Points Should Be Awarded. Full Credit (4 Points) Should Be Awarded If A
Chest Tub Along With Draining And Suction Are Mentioned.)
Question 8
Not Yet Graded / 4 Pts
True Or False. If False, Explain Why It Is False.
An Initial Immune Response That Is Generalized (Non-Specific) And Unable To Distinguish Between
Various Foreign Agents Is Characteristic Of Adaptive Immunity.
Your Answer:
False, An Initial Immune Response That Is Specific Is Able To Distinguish Between Various Foreign Agents
Is A Characterisitic Of Adaptive Immunity.
False. An Initial Immune Response That Is Generalized (Non-Specific) And Unable To Distinguish Between
Various Foreign Agents Is Characteristic Of Innate Immunity.
OR
Adaptive Immunity Serves Not Only To Distinguish Self From Non-Self But To Recognize And Destroy
Specific Foreign Agents Based On Their Different Antigenic Properties.
