PSY 340 Final Exam | Questions with 100% Correct Answers

PSY 340 Final Exam | Questions with 100% Correct Answers The idea that feelings of self-esteem evolved to gauge social acceptance is known as the ________ theory. Sociometer Kevin is placing a personal ad in the local paper. According to evolutionary predictions about mate selection, he will most likely mention his ________ when describing himself. financial resources The evolutionary explanation of sex differences in mate selection is that ________. men and women seek essentially the same thing; both are trying to increase the likelihood that they will produce viable offspring who will survive What is the scientific benefit of knowing a trait's heritability coefficient? the variance in a trait that is due to genetic influences The field of study that attempts to explain how individual differences in behavior (i.e., personality traits) are shared by biological relatives is called ________. behavioral genetics What term refers to different forms of the same gene? Allele Kara is placing a personal ad in the local paper. According to evolutionary predictions about mate selection, she will most likely mention her ________ when describing herself. physical attractiveness So far, evolutionary psychology has been much more concerned with the origins of ________ than with ________. general human nature; individual differences A scientist who studies how patterns of behavior characteristic of the entire human species originated because of the survival value they had for our ancestors is called ________. evolutionary psychology Linda is highly neurotic. Which of the following genes is Linda most likely to have? 5-HTT Monozygotic (MZ) twins share ________ percent of the genes that vary across individuals, and dizygotic (DZ) twins share, on average, ________ percent of the genes that vary across individuals. 100, 50 A(n) ________ searches for specific genes that are linked with particular personality attributes. genome-wide association study Much of the world is changing toward a setting where physical strength matters less and alternative child-care arrangements are possible. The view that men's and women's behavioral tendencies are determined by social structure implies that ________. their behavioral tendencies will change relatively quickly In which sample would you expect the heritability of IQ to be the lowest? low socioeconomic status twins What might be the evolutionary function of crying, according to recent research described in the text? a way to elicit social support What behavioral genetic research finding seems to support the conclusion that the effect of growing up in the same home environment is rather minimal? the personality traits of adoptive siblings raised int he same family are correlated only at .05 Which of the following is NOT indicated by a heritability statistic? whether genes and environments interact to produce behavior What term describes the willingness to engage in sexual activities in the absence of a committed relationship? Sociosexuality According to the text, it is important to keep in mind that people often belong to ________. more than one culture at a time According to the text, labeling personality patterns is both ________ and ________. useful; problematic If a psychologist is interested in understanding the thinking and feeling that underlie behavior, she should take the ________ approach to studying personality. Cognitive What label describes personality that is both unusual and problematic? personality disorder The following are examples of the significance of the unconscious mind EXCEPT ________. humans' ability to store large amounts of information in their short-term memory The ________ approach emphasizes perception, motivations, and the self. Cognitive The goal to study the whole person and everything that is important about an individual's psychology is ________. an overwhelming and frankly impossible endeavor According to the text, what we don't know about the biological roots of personality ________ what we do know. is far more than The ________ approach focuses on moment-to-moment conscious experience, free will, and the ability to choose important aspects of one's reality. Humanistic According to all areas of psychology, it is not things that matter, but ________. our opinions of things According to the text, consistent patterns of behavior are rooted in the following anatomical structures EXCEPT ________. skeletal structure Decades of research has shown that John Locke's idea that the human mind is a blank slate at birth is ________. Inaccurate According to the text, psychology tends to ________ free will throughout the scientific process. Ignore From a cognitive personality psychology perspective, construal is studied as the origins and consequences of individuals' ________. differing views of reality According to the text, everyone has personality characteristics that, at their extreme, would be labeled as ________. personality disorders If a psychologist is interested in understanding how unconscious thought informs perception of parental involvement, she should take the ________ approach to studying personality. psychoanalytic The ________ approach includes a focus on the heritability of some aspects of personality. Biological Lizzie has just graduated from college and is in the job market. According to the text, after taking this personality course and reading The Personality Puzzle, what skills does she have that will aid her in her job search? technical and analytical skills One view of the different approaches to personality psychology is that each one ________. largely addresses different questions about personality Anthony just won the lottery. What advice would a positive psychologist give him to secure his happiness? focus on being grateful for the things that he can now afford Which approach does Funder most closely identify with? Trait Why is labeling at times dangerous? Once a person is labeled, other people may only view the person as the label and not as an individual. According to the text, your ________ affect(s) how you feel and what you do, as well as your external world. Biology If a psychologist is interested in knowing more about the relationship between conscientiousness and health, she should take the ________ approach to studying personality. trait Why is the relationship between biological structures and personality especially difficult to study? Each biological component interacts with the other components. Research from the ________ has demonstrated the consistency of a pattern of thought like pessimism. cognitive paradigm According to the text, behavioral consistency is only accurate when you predict the ________ of several behaviors. Aggregate According to what we know about memory, most of the brain's activity is ________. unconscious The humanist psychologists Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow took basic existential assumptions and added the assumption that ________. people are good and have an innate need to make themselves and the world better Research suggests that individuals high in which personality attribute are most likely to experience flow? locus of control From an optimistic humanism perspective, what is true of every human being? they are basically good All of the following make up Maslow's hierarchy of needs EXCEPT ________. extraversion and openness ________ is a term for the time, place, and circumstances into which you happened to be born. thrown-ness Also known as Geworfenheit, ________ refers to the time, place, and circumstances into which you happened to be born. thrown-ness Research findings indicate that one result of Rogerian psychotherapy may be that ________. people become more like their ideal selves Linda thinks that her friends will like her only if she is thin, attractive, and cheerful. Rogers would say it is unlikely that Linda will ________. become a fully functioning person Carolyn is fondly thinking about her mother. Carolyn is experiencing ________. Mitwelt The idea that you choose your own reality is closest to which concept in the humanistic perspective on personality? constructive alternativism The United States is a ________ culture. Dignity The holier-than-thou effect is most likely to occur in members from what country? England We are most likely to commit ethnocentrism when the "real" nature of the situation ________. seems very obvious Which city in the United States had the lowest "heart" score, according to a recent survey? Boston According to the text, which of the following is considered to have a collectivist-vertical society? China According to the textbook, what behavior led to a Danish mother's arrest in New York? leaving her 14-month-old daughter asleep in a stroller Concepts like amae and yuan might be ________, whereas concepts like duty and obligations to the group might be ________. emic; etic According to the text, which characteristic of cultures might be the most difficult to judge? Complexity According to Triandis, ________ societies assume that individuals are importantly different from each other. Vertical What does it mean for a culture to think holistically? it explains events in context and seeks to integrate divergent points of view The Buddhist alternative to existential anguish, forlornness, and despair is ________. Nirvana ________ psychology is based on the premise that to understand a person, you must understand his or her unique view of reality. Humanistic ________ is the relatively recent branch of psychology that investigates the traits, processes, and social institutions that promote a good and meaningful life. positive psychology Which theorist would most likely make the statement that above all else, individuals are driven to fulfill all that meets their basic needs of survival? Maslow Positive psychologists usually argue that true happiness comes from overcoming important challenges. This idea is quite similar to Sartre's conception of ________. optimistic toughness