WestCoast EMT Final Study Guide questions and answers
What makes up the axial skeleton? - skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage
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what is the epiglottis? - a flap that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing
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what is croup? - acute VIRAL inflammatory disease of larynx, primarily w/in the subglottic space
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-6 months to 6 years
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what is a pulmonary embolism? - A condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood
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clot.
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what is an aneurysm? - an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall.
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what is a thrombus? - stationary blood clot
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what is an embolism? - A piece of a blood clot that enters the bloodstream
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What is subcutaneous emphysema? - a characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by th
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presence of air in the soft tissue
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-may feel like rice crispy treats
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what is hemoptysis? - Coughing up blood; blood in sputum generally from the lungs.
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what is hematuria? - presence of blood in the urine
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What is hematemesis? - vomiting blood
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What is capnography? - A noninvasive technique to alert you to hypoventilation even when your patient's pulse ox
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reading are fine. Carbon dioxide is the most significant factor in monitoring ventilation. Capnography measures the
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CO2 in every breath to monitor air exchange in the patient's alveoli.
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Trendelenburg position - A position in which the patient's feet and legs are higher than the head nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
What is CPAP? Why is it used? - continuous positive airway pressure; used to deliver pressure to the airways to ke
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the airway open while the individual sleeps
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small-volume nebulizer - a device that uses compressed air or oxygen to nebulize a liquid medication into a mist tha
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a patient can inhale
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How to care for a patient who has been sexually assaulted: - Have female be treated by female EMT
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- First component is medical treatment.
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- Second is psychologic care of the patient - don't cross-examine patient or attempt to obtain info
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- Don't tamper any evidence. Put evidence in paper bags, not plastic.
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,types of consent: expressed - Patient verbally or otherwise acknowledges that he/she wants you to provide care or
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transport. May be nonverbal.
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informed consent - you explained the nature of treatment being offered, along with potential risks, benefits, and
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alternatives to treatment, as well as consequences of refusing treatment.
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types of consent: implied - Legal principle that allows treatment under circumstances, such as intoxication, mentally
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impaired, or suffering from certain conditions such as head injury.
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- applies only when a serious medical condition exists and should never be used unless there is a threat to life or lim
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types of consent: involuntary - Applies when a person is mentally ill, developmentally delayed, or who is in a
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behavioral (psychological) crisis. Someone makes the decision on their behalf (legally responsible).
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types of consent: minors - - When a parent cannot be reached to provide consent, health care providers are allowed
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to give emergency care to a child.
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- If a minor is injured and requires medical treatment in a school or camp setting, teachers and officials may act in lo
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parentis, meaning in position of parent.
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emancipated minors: - People who, despite being under the legal age in a given state, can be legally treated as adu
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based on certain circumstances, such as being married, members of armed services, or if they are parents.
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Bradycardia - A slow heart rate. nk nk nk nk nk
-less than 60 beats/min for adults and children (older than 10)
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-less than 60 beats/min for preschoolers and school-aged children (2 years to 10 years)
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-less than 100 for infants and toddlers (3 months to 2 years)
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-less than 85 for infants (up to 3 months) nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
tachycardia - fast heart rate nk nk nk nk
-greater than 100 bpm for adults and children (older than 10)nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
-greater than 140 bpm for preschoolers and school-aged children (2 years to 10 years)
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-greater than 190 bpm for infants and toddlers (3 months to 2 years)
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-greater than 205 bpm for infants (up to 3 months) nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) - Episodes of abnormally fast/racing heartbeat nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
what is tidal volume? - the amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath, generally 500 m
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in an adult.
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what is residual volume? - Gas that remains in the lungs after exhalation simply to keep the lungs open.
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what is minute volume? - Amount of air moved into and out of lungs per minute
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what is ventilation? - movement of air in and out of the lungs
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what is respiration? - The physiologic process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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What makes up the axial skeleton? - skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage
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what is the epiglottis? - a flap that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
what is croup? - acute VIRAL inflammatory disease of larynx, primarily w/in the subglottic space
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-6 months to 6 years
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what is a pulmonary embolism? - A condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
clot.
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what is an aneurysm? - an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall.
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what is a thrombus? - stationary blood clot
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what is an embolism? - A piece of a blood clot that enters the bloodstream
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
What is subcutaneous emphysema? - a characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by th
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
presence of air in the soft tissue
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-may feel like rice crispy treats
nk nk nk nk nk
what is hemoptysis? - Coughing up blood; blood in sputum generally from the lungs.
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
what is hematuria? - presence of blood in the urine
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
What is hematemesis? - vomiting blood
nk nk nk nk nk
What is capnography? - A noninvasive technique to alert you to hypoventilation even when your patient's pulse ox
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
reading are fine. Carbon dioxide is the most significant factor in monitoring ventilation. Capnography measures the
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
CO2 in every breath to monitor air exchange in the patient's alveoli.
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
Trendelenburg position - A position in which the patient's feet and legs are higher than the head nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
What is CPAP? Why is it used? - continuous positive airway pressure; used to deliver pressure to the airways to ke
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
the airway open while the individual sleeps
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
small-volume nebulizer - a device that uses compressed air or oxygen to nebulize a liquid medication into a mist tha
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
a patient can inhale
nk nk nk nk
How to care for a patient who has been sexually assaulted: - Have female be treated by female EMT
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
- First component is medical treatment.
nk nk nk nk nk
- Second is psychologic care of the patient - don't cross-examine patient or attempt to obtain info
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
- Don't tamper any evidence. Put evidence in paper bags, not plastic.
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
nknk nknk
,types of consent: expressed - Patient verbally or otherwise acknowledges that he/she wants you to provide care or
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
transport. May be nonverbal.
nk nk nk nk
informed consent - you explained the nature of treatment being offered, along with potential risks, benefits, and
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
alternatives to treatment, as well as consequences of refusing treatment.
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
types of consent: implied - Legal principle that allows treatment under circumstances, such as intoxication, mentally
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
impaired, or suffering from certain conditions such as head injury.
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
- applies only when a serious medical condition exists and should never be used unless there is a threat to life or lim
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
types of consent: involuntary - Applies when a person is mentally ill, developmentally delayed, or who is in a
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
behavioral (psychological) crisis. Someone makes the decision on their behalf (legally responsible).
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
types of consent: minors - - When a parent cannot be reached to provide consent, health care providers are allowed
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
to give emergency care to a child.
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
- If a minor is injured and requires medical treatment in a school or camp setting, teachers and officials may act in lo
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
parentis, meaning in position of parent.
nk nk nk nk nk nk
emancipated minors: - People who, despite being under the legal age in a given state, can be legally treated as adu
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
based on certain circumstances, such as being married, members of armed services, or if they are parents.
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
Bradycardia - A slow heart rate. nk nk nk nk nk
-less than 60 beats/min for adults and children (older than 10)
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-less than 60 beats/min for preschoolers and school-aged children (2 years to 10 years)
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-less than 100 for infants and toddlers (3 months to 2 years)
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-less than 85 for infants (up to 3 months) nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
tachycardia - fast heart rate nk nk nk nk
-greater than 100 bpm for adults and children (older than 10)nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
-greater than 140 bpm for preschoolers and school-aged children (2 years to 10 years)
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-greater than 190 bpm for infants and toddlers (3 months to 2 years)
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-greater than 205 bpm for infants (up to 3 months) nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) - Episodes of abnormally fast/racing heartbeat nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
what is tidal volume? - the amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath, generally 500 m
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
in an adult.
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what is residual volume? - Gas that remains in the lungs after exhalation simply to keep the lungs open.
nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk
what is minute volume? - Amount of air moved into and out of lungs per minute
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what is ventilation? - movement of air in and out of the lungs
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what is respiration? - The physiologic process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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