NUR 101 Unit Two Communication,
Nurse-Patient Relationship, Legal
Aspects
Communication and Therapeutic Relationships - Answer-Communication is a critical
nursing skill used to gather assessment data for nursing diagnoses, to teach and
persuade, and to express caring and comfort.
-Therapeutic communication promotes understanding and can help establish a
constructive relationship between the nurse and the client. Unlike the social relationship,
where there may not be a specific purpose or direction, the therapeutic helping
relationship is client and goal directed.
-Many techniques facilitate therapeutic communication: using silence, providing general
leads, being specific and tentative, using open-ended questions, using touch, restating
or paraphrasing, seeking clarification, perception checking or
seeking consensual validation, offering self, giving information, acknowledging,
clarifying time or sequence, presenting reality, focusing, reflecting, summarizing, and
planning.
Communication Definition - AnswerCommunication is any means of exchanging
information or feelings between two or more people. It is a basic component of human
relationships,
including nursing.
Communication Purpose - Answer-The intent of any communication is to obtain a
response.Thus, communication is a process.
- It has two main purposes:1) to influence others and 2) to gain information
* The way we collect data
Communication Types - Answer-Verbal communication uses the spoken or written
word;
-Nonverbal communication uses other forms,
such as gestures or facial expressions, and touch. **Although both kinds of
communication occur concurrently, the majority of communication is nonverbal.
**Non verbal Communication is a more important and honest means of communication
Communication Verbal - AnswerPACE AND INTONATION
The manner of speech, as in the" rate or rhythm and tone", will modify the feeling and
impact of the
message.
-The tone of words can express enthusiasm, sadness,anger, or amusement.
-The rate of speech may indicate interest,
anxiety, boredom, or fear.
*For example, speaking slowly and softly to an excited client may help calm the client.
,Communication Non-verbal - AnswerNonverbal communication, sometimes called
body language, includes gestures, body movements, use of touch, and physical
appearance, including adornment. Nonverbal communication often tells others more
about what a person is feeling than what is actually
being said, because nonverbal behavior is controlled less consciously than verbal
behavior.
**Body Language/ Facial Expression/ Eye Contact/Personal Appearance/ Posture/
Touch
Basic Elements of Communication - Answer•Sender- example Patient
•Message- What patient wants to say
•Receiver- Nurse
•Response (feedback)
Sender (Pg 464) - AnswerThe sender, a person or group who wishes to communicate
a message to another, can be considered the source-encoder. This term
suggests that the person or group sending the message must have an idea or reason
for communicating (source) and must put the
idea or feeling into a form that can be transmitted.
**Source of Message
Encoding - AnswerEncoding involves the selection of specific signs or symbols
(codes) to transmit the message, such as which language and words to use, how to
arrange the words, and what tone of voice and gestures to use.
** To put the idea in a form in which it can be transmitted ( done by sender)
Message - AnswerThe second component of the communication process is the
message itself—what is actually said or written, the body language that accompanies
the words, and how the message is transmitted.
** Content Face to face , by phone, letter includes all verbal and non verbal forms of
communication
Receiver - AnswerThe receiver, the third component of the communication process, is
the listener, who must listen, observe, and attend. This person is
the decoder, who must perceive what the sender intended (interpretation).
-To decode means to relate the message
perceived to the receiver's storehouse of knowledge and experience and to sort out the
meaning of the message
**Listener and Decoder
Response (feedback) - AnswerThe fourth component of the communication process,
the response, is the message that the receiver returns to the sender. It is also called
feedback. Feedback can be either verbal, nonverbal, or both.
*** Recieves Encoded message Decodes and responds/feedback to sender
, **Feedback can be a positive or negative response
Factors That Influence
Verbal Communication - Answer• Simplicity
• Clarity and Brevity
• Timing and Relevance
• Adaptability
• Credibility
• Humor
SIMPLICITY - AnswerSimplicity includes the use of commonly understood
words, brevity, and completeness. Nurses
need to learn to select appropriate, understandable, and simple terms based on the
age, knowledge, culture, and education of the client.
*Easy to understand Concreate
CLARITY AND BREVITY - AnswerA message that is direct and simple
will be effective. Clarity is saying precisely what is meant, and brevity is using the fewest
words necessary. The result is a message
that is simple and clear.An aspect of this is congruence, or consistency, where the
nurse's behavior or nonverbal communication
matches the words spoken.
*To the point brief
TIMING AND RELEVANCE - AnswerNurses need to be aware of both relevance and
timing when communicating with clients. No matter how clearly or simply words are
stated or written, the timing needs to be appropriate to ensure that words are heard.
Moreover, the messages need to relate to the person or to the person's interests and
concerns.
* Make sure the patient can absorb the information keep things relevant
ADAPTABILITY - AnswerADAPTABILITY The nurse needs to alter spoken messages
in accordance with behavioral cues from the client. This adjustment is referred to as
adaptability. What the nurse says and how it is said must be individualized and carefully
considered. This requires astute assessment and sensitivity on the part of the nurse.
* Adapt and Adjust to the Situation / Change Style
CREDIBILITY - AnswerCredibility means worthiness of belief, trustworthiness,
and reliability. Credibility may be the most important
criterion of effective communication. Nurses foster
credibility by being consistent, dependable, and honest. The nurse needs to be
knowledgeable about what is being discussed and to have accurate information. Nurses
should convey confidence
and certainty in what they are saying, while being able to acknowledge their limitations
(e.g., "I don't know the Answer to that, but I will find someone who does").
Nurse-Patient Relationship, Legal
Aspects
Communication and Therapeutic Relationships - Answer-Communication is a critical
nursing skill used to gather assessment data for nursing diagnoses, to teach and
persuade, and to express caring and comfort.
-Therapeutic communication promotes understanding and can help establish a
constructive relationship between the nurse and the client. Unlike the social relationship,
where there may not be a specific purpose or direction, the therapeutic helping
relationship is client and goal directed.
-Many techniques facilitate therapeutic communication: using silence, providing general
leads, being specific and tentative, using open-ended questions, using touch, restating
or paraphrasing, seeking clarification, perception checking or
seeking consensual validation, offering self, giving information, acknowledging,
clarifying time or sequence, presenting reality, focusing, reflecting, summarizing, and
planning.
Communication Definition - AnswerCommunication is any means of exchanging
information or feelings between two or more people. It is a basic component of human
relationships,
including nursing.
Communication Purpose - Answer-The intent of any communication is to obtain a
response.Thus, communication is a process.
- It has two main purposes:1) to influence others and 2) to gain information
* The way we collect data
Communication Types - Answer-Verbal communication uses the spoken or written
word;
-Nonverbal communication uses other forms,
such as gestures or facial expressions, and touch. **Although both kinds of
communication occur concurrently, the majority of communication is nonverbal.
**Non verbal Communication is a more important and honest means of communication
Communication Verbal - AnswerPACE AND INTONATION
The manner of speech, as in the" rate or rhythm and tone", will modify the feeling and
impact of the
message.
-The tone of words can express enthusiasm, sadness,anger, or amusement.
-The rate of speech may indicate interest,
anxiety, boredom, or fear.
*For example, speaking slowly and softly to an excited client may help calm the client.
,Communication Non-verbal - AnswerNonverbal communication, sometimes called
body language, includes gestures, body movements, use of touch, and physical
appearance, including adornment. Nonverbal communication often tells others more
about what a person is feeling than what is actually
being said, because nonverbal behavior is controlled less consciously than verbal
behavior.
**Body Language/ Facial Expression/ Eye Contact/Personal Appearance/ Posture/
Touch
Basic Elements of Communication - Answer•Sender- example Patient
•Message- What patient wants to say
•Receiver- Nurse
•Response (feedback)
Sender (Pg 464) - AnswerThe sender, a person or group who wishes to communicate
a message to another, can be considered the source-encoder. This term
suggests that the person or group sending the message must have an idea or reason
for communicating (source) and must put the
idea or feeling into a form that can be transmitted.
**Source of Message
Encoding - AnswerEncoding involves the selection of specific signs or symbols
(codes) to transmit the message, such as which language and words to use, how to
arrange the words, and what tone of voice and gestures to use.
** To put the idea in a form in which it can be transmitted ( done by sender)
Message - AnswerThe second component of the communication process is the
message itself—what is actually said or written, the body language that accompanies
the words, and how the message is transmitted.
** Content Face to face , by phone, letter includes all verbal and non verbal forms of
communication
Receiver - AnswerThe receiver, the third component of the communication process, is
the listener, who must listen, observe, and attend. This person is
the decoder, who must perceive what the sender intended (interpretation).
-To decode means to relate the message
perceived to the receiver's storehouse of knowledge and experience and to sort out the
meaning of the message
**Listener and Decoder
Response (feedback) - AnswerThe fourth component of the communication process,
the response, is the message that the receiver returns to the sender. It is also called
feedback. Feedback can be either verbal, nonverbal, or both.
*** Recieves Encoded message Decodes and responds/feedback to sender
, **Feedback can be a positive or negative response
Factors That Influence
Verbal Communication - Answer• Simplicity
• Clarity and Brevity
• Timing and Relevance
• Adaptability
• Credibility
• Humor
SIMPLICITY - AnswerSimplicity includes the use of commonly understood
words, brevity, and completeness. Nurses
need to learn to select appropriate, understandable, and simple terms based on the
age, knowledge, culture, and education of the client.
*Easy to understand Concreate
CLARITY AND BREVITY - AnswerA message that is direct and simple
will be effective. Clarity is saying precisely what is meant, and brevity is using the fewest
words necessary. The result is a message
that is simple and clear.An aspect of this is congruence, or consistency, where the
nurse's behavior or nonverbal communication
matches the words spoken.
*To the point brief
TIMING AND RELEVANCE - AnswerNurses need to be aware of both relevance and
timing when communicating with clients. No matter how clearly or simply words are
stated or written, the timing needs to be appropriate to ensure that words are heard.
Moreover, the messages need to relate to the person or to the person's interests and
concerns.
* Make sure the patient can absorb the information keep things relevant
ADAPTABILITY - AnswerADAPTABILITY The nurse needs to alter spoken messages
in accordance with behavioral cues from the client. This adjustment is referred to as
adaptability. What the nurse says and how it is said must be individualized and carefully
considered. This requires astute assessment and sensitivity on the part of the nurse.
* Adapt and Adjust to the Situation / Change Style
CREDIBILITY - AnswerCredibility means worthiness of belief, trustworthiness,
and reliability. Credibility may be the most important
criterion of effective communication. Nurses foster
credibility by being consistent, dependable, and honest. The nurse needs to be
knowledgeable about what is being discussed and to have accurate information. Nurses
should convey confidence
and certainty in what they are saying, while being able to acknowledge their limitations
(e.g., "I don't know the Answer to that, but I will find someone who does").
