BSNC1000 PERFUSION EXAM
LATEST 2025 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
What is vasodilation influenced by? - Answer-- Rest and digest (Parasympathetic NS)
- Kidney: vasodilators
- Hormones
Peripheral resistance - Answer-Force that must be overcome to push blood through
circulatory system
What influences peripheral resistance? - Answer-- Vessel wall tension
- Blood viscosity
- Vessel radius (Most adjustable variable!)
What influences blood flow? - Answer-- Viscosity and velocity of blood
- Vessel radius
- Vessel elasticity
What influences blood viscosity? - Answer-RBCs, blood proteins, hydration level
What do baroreceptors do? - Answer-detect changes in blood pressure
Where are the baroreceptors located? - Answer-carotid sinus and aortic arch
Neural regulation of blood pressure - Answer-Baroreceptors - stretch and send
messages to brain
Hormonal regulation of blood pressure - Answer--Renin-angiotension-aldosterone
system
-Epinephrine and norepinephrine
anaphylactic shock - Answer-Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction causing
systemic vasodilation
cardiogenic shock - Answer-Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump
failure.
hemorrhagic shock - Answer-shock resulting from severe blood loss
At what value is pulse pressure considered too high? - Answer-60 mmHg
, What are some modifiable risk factors of impaired perfusion? - Answer-- Smoking
- Elevated serum levels
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
What are some nonmodifiable risk factors of impaired perfusion? - Answer-- Gender -
Males are more susceptible
- Genetics - family history
What does resting MAP represent? - Answer-The force required to adequately perfusion
the bodies' tissues at rest
What influences cardiac output? - Answer-- Blood volume (Sodium ingestion and
excretion, renin/aldosterone)
- Cardiac factors (BPM, volume per beat)
*Think about what would influence HR and SV*
What influences TPR? - Answer-- Vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation
- Local factors (pH, hypoxia)
Rarefaction of blood vessels - Answer-Decrease in density of blood vessels
What is a normal blood pressure reading? - Answer-120/80 mmHg
Primary (essential) hypertension - Answer-Chronic high blood pressure of unknown
origin.
secondary hypertension - Answer-high blood pressure caused by the effects of another
disease. Such as: kidney disease, tumours, atherosclerosis
Effects of hypertension on microcirculation - Answer-- Remodelling of small arteries and
arterioles
- Reduction in number
- Reduced length of vessels
Effects of hypertension on macrocirculation - Answer-- Plaque formation on artery walls
- Enlargement of heart muscle as it works harder to pump blood through to tissues
(=heart disease)
What is the minimum value of systemic BP for a hypertension diagnosis? - Answer-140
mm Hg
What is the minimum value of diastolic BP for a hypertension diagnosis? - Answer-90
mm Hg
LATEST 2025 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
What is vasodilation influenced by? - Answer-- Rest and digest (Parasympathetic NS)
- Kidney: vasodilators
- Hormones
Peripheral resistance - Answer-Force that must be overcome to push blood through
circulatory system
What influences peripheral resistance? - Answer-- Vessel wall tension
- Blood viscosity
- Vessel radius (Most adjustable variable!)
What influences blood flow? - Answer-- Viscosity and velocity of blood
- Vessel radius
- Vessel elasticity
What influences blood viscosity? - Answer-RBCs, blood proteins, hydration level
What do baroreceptors do? - Answer-detect changes in blood pressure
Where are the baroreceptors located? - Answer-carotid sinus and aortic arch
Neural regulation of blood pressure - Answer-Baroreceptors - stretch and send
messages to brain
Hormonal regulation of blood pressure - Answer--Renin-angiotension-aldosterone
system
-Epinephrine and norepinephrine
anaphylactic shock - Answer-Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction causing
systemic vasodilation
cardiogenic shock - Answer-Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump
failure.
hemorrhagic shock - Answer-shock resulting from severe blood loss
At what value is pulse pressure considered too high? - Answer-60 mmHg
, What are some modifiable risk factors of impaired perfusion? - Answer-- Smoking
- Elevated serum levels
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
What are some nonmodifiable risk factors of impaired perfusion? - Answer-- Gender -
Males are more susceptible
- Genetics - family history
What does resting MAP represent? - Answer-The force required to adequately perfusion
the bodies' tissues at rest
What influences cardiac output? - Answer-- Blood volume (Sodium ingestion and
excretion, renin/aldosterone)
- Cardiac factors (BPM, volume per beat)
*Think about what would influence HR and SV*
What influences TPR? - Answer-- Vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation
- Local factors (pH, hypoxia)
Rarefaction of blood vessels - Answer-Decrease in density of blood vessels
What is a normal blood pressure reading? - Answer-120/80 mmHg
Primary (essential) hypertension - Answer-Chronic high blood pressure of unknown
origin.
secondary hypertension - Answer-high blood pressure caused by the effects of another
disease. Such as: kidney disease, tumours, atherosclerosis
Effects of hypertension on microcirculation - Answer-- Remodelling of small arteries and
arterioles
- Reduction in number
- Reduced length of vessels
Effects of hypertension on macrocirculation - Answer-- Plaque formation on artery walls
- Enlargement of heart muscle as it works harder to pump blood through to tissues
(=heart disease)
What is the minimum value of systemic BP for a hypertension diagnosis? - Answer-140
mm Hg
What is the minimum value of diastolic BP for a hypertension diagnosis? - Answer-90
mm Hg
