BSNC 5000 PEDS EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH A GRADED SOLUTIONS
Loose Deciduous Teeth - Answer-Can dislodge into airway, causing obstruction.
Swelling Impact - Answer-Small swelling causes significant airway diameter reduction.
Nose Breathers - Answer-Infants breathe exclusively through the nose initially.
Rib Position - Answer-Infant ribs are positioned more horizontally.
Diaphragmatic Breathing - Answer-Diaphragm is primary respiratory muscle in infants.
Intercostal Retraction - Answer-Occurs significantly in obstructed children.
Type I Fibres - Answer-Fewer in children, leading to quicker exhaustion.
Metabolic Rate - Answer-Higher in children, resulting in increased oxygen demand.
Blood Volume - Answer-Relatively larger but absolute volume is smaller.
Fluid Resuscitation - Answer-Less concern in healthy infants than adults.
Systemic Vascular Resistance - Answer-Increases from birth to adulthood.
Fixed Stroke Volume - Answer-Infants increase cardiac output by heart rate.
Vascular Access Difficulty - Answer-Challenging due to small veins in infants.
Head injuries - Answer-Leading cause of death in pediatric trauma.
C-spine injury - Answer-Rare in children but possible in upper region.
Adolescent injuries - Answer-Increased risk from risk-taking behaviors.
Airway injuries - Answer-Small airways lead to breathing complications.
Cricoid Ring - Answer-Narrowest point in the airway.
Larynx Position - Answer-Located at 2nd-3rd cervical vertebrae in children.
Airway Obstruction Risk - Answer-Higher risk from small foreign bodies in children.
, Thin Abdominal Wall - Answer-Less muscle and fat, providing less organ protection.
Organ Proportions - Answer-Liver and spleen occupy greater abdominal space in
children.
Intra-abdominal Bladder - Answer-Increases risk of bladder damage in trauma.
Gastric Emptying - Answer-Faster in children, affecting fluid loss.
Immature Liver - Answer-Slower metabolization of medications in infants.
Sphincter Development - Answer-Not complete, leading to spitting up after feeding.
Kidney Maturity - Answer-Less mature, increasing dehydration risk.
RAAS in Infants - Answer-Produce ADH but do not respond to aldosterone.
Thoracic Injuries - Answer-Significant mortality risk in pediatric trauma.
Cartilaginous Bones - Answer-Children's bones are more flexible than adults'.
Green Stick Fractures - Answer-Common in children due to flexible bones.
Cervical Spine Alignment - Answer-Larger head affects alignment and stability.
Cervical spine alignment - Answer-Critical for preventing spinal cord injury.
Lax ligaments - Answer-Increased vertebral movement risk in children.
C1-C2 fulcrum - Answer-Primary injury site in children under eight.
Thinner cranial bones - Answer-Less protection for children's brain tissue.
Anterior fontanelle - Answer-Palpable until 12-18 months of age.
Posterior fontanelle - Answer-Palpable until about 2 months old.
Bulging fontanelle - Answer-Indicates potential rise in intracranial pressure.
Airway Management - Answer-Ensure airway is clear and patent.
AVPU Scale - Answer-Assessing responsiveness: Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive.
SAMPLE - Answer-Guide for obtaining focused patient history.
Focused History - Answer-History taken during physical examination.
WITH A GRADED SOLUTIONS
Loose Deciduous Teeth - Answer-Can dislodge into airway, causing obstruction.
Swelling Impact - Answer-Small swelling causes significant airway diameter reduction.
Nose Breathers - Answer-Infants breathe exclusively through the nose initially.
Rib Position - Answer-Infant ribs are positioned more horizontally.
Diaphragmatic Breathing - Answer-Diaphragm is primary respiratory muscle in infants.
Intercostal Retraction - Answer-Occurs significantly in obstructed children.
Type I Fibres - Answer-Fewer in children, leading to quicker exhaustion.
Metabolic Rate - Answer-Higher in children, resulting in increased oxygen demand.
Blood Volume - Answer-Relatively larger but absolute volume is smaller.
Fluid Resuscitation - Answer-Less concern in healthy infants than adults.
Systemic Vascular Resistance - Answer-Increases from birth to adulthood.
Fixed Stroke Volume - Answer-Infants increase cardiac output by heart rate.
Vascular Access Difficulty - Answer-Challenging due to small veins in infants.
Head injuries - Answer-Leading cause of death in pediatric trauma.
C-spine injury - Answer-Rare in children but possible in upper region.
Adolescent injuries - Answer-Increased risk from risk-taking behaviors.
Airway injuries - Answer-Small airways lead to breathing complications.
Cricoid Ring - Answer-Narrowest point in the airway.
Larynx Position - Answer-Located at 2nd-3rd cervical vertebrae in children.
Airway Obstruction Risk - Answer-Higher risk from small foreign bodies in children.
, Thin Abdominal Wall - Answer-Less muscle and fat, providing less organ protection.
Organ Proportions - Answer-Liver and spleen occupy greater abdominal space in
children.
Intra-abdominal Bladder - Answer-Increases risk of bladder damage in trauma.
Gastric Emptying - Answer-Faster in children, affecting fluid loss.
Immature Liver - Answer-Slower metabolization of medications in infants.
Sphincter Development - Answer-Not complete, leading to spitting up after feeding.
Kidney Maturity - Answer-Less mature, increasing dehydration risk.
RAAS in Infants - Answer-Produce ADH but do not respond to aldosterone.
Thoracic Injuries - Answer-Significant mortality risk in pediatric trauma.
Cartilaginous Bones - Answer-Children's bones are more flexible than adults'.
Green Stick Fractures - Answer-Common in children due to flexible bones.
Cervical Spine Alignment - Answer-Larger head affects alignment and stability.
Cervical spine alignment - Answer-Critical for preventing spinal cord injury.
Lax ligaments - Answer-Increased vertebral movement risk in children.
C1-C2 fulcrum - Answer-Primary injury site in children under eight.
Thinner cranial bones - Answer-Less protection for children's brain tissue.
Anterior fontanelle - Answer-Palpable until 12-18 months of age.
Posterior fontanelle - Answer-Palpable until about 2 months old.
Bulging fontanelle - Answer-Indicates potential rise in intracranial pressure.
Airway Management - Answer-Ensure airway is clear and patent.
AVPU Scale - Answer-Assessing responsiveness: Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive.
SAMPLE - Answer-Guide for obtaining focused patient history.
Focused History - Answer-History taken during physical examination.
