COMBINED SETS, NST 104-, NST 104,
NST 104 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Biomedical Healing - Answer--personal relationship with the provider is as important
as the actual therapy
-patients often put in confusing position of choosing between biomedical and
traditional health care when they contradict each other
-cooperative monitoring by all sides is best for the patient
Intercultural Communication - Answer--language and context of interpretation
-physical: gestures. posture, dress, eye contact, and spatial relationships
-concepts of time
-status in society and as a group
-setting
Multicultural Influences on Communication - Answer--intercultural challenge
-communication as an "action chain"
-increase familiarity with cultural communication behaviors
Communication Concepts - Answer--uses codes to represents objects, ideas, or
behaviors
-thoughts, emotions, attitudes are decoded into language and nonverbal actions
-messages have two components: the content and the relationship between the
speaker and the receiver
-verbal messages most useful
-nonverbal most effective for relationship
-message is best received when verbal and nonverbal messages are consistent
-both are significantly impacted by cultural considerations
Verbal Communication - Answer-language can only be correctly interpreted within
context
low vs. high context: individuals and groups, power, authority, status, time perception
Nonverbal Communication - Answer--high context cultures
-over 7000 nonverbal cues and gestures have been identified: touching, eye contact,
spatial relationship
Communication in Healthcare - Answer--limited time is spent on explanation and
understanding
-noncompliance is a big problem
-nontraditional medical practices often see greater adherence because practitioner
spends more time explaining and ensuring understanding
Successful Intercultural Communication - Answer--begins when speaker is mindful of
their own communication behaviors and sensitive to misinterpretations
-must acknowledge differences
,-practitioners should prepare prior to sessions: open minded attitude, knowledge
needed, skills on ideal behavior changes
1. determine how the patient prefers to be addressed
2. use unambiguous language
3. choose common terms
4. avoid words with multiple meanings
5. use specific verbs
6. avoid slang
7. avoid asking questions that can be answered with yes/no
In Depth Interview - Answer-quantitative
qualitative
-what do you call your problem?
-what do you think caused it?
-what do you fear about your sickness?
-what results do you hope to achieve with treatment?
-have you tried any other treatments for this?
Health Programming - Answer-health information is often provided to groups,
through government agencies or through non profits
-acceptance and adoption of health initiatives depends on cultural appropriateness,
cost/benefit analysis, social norms, individual context
-very important to include the target population in developing interventions and
programming
Religion - Answer-the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power or a
particular system of faith or worship
Food and Religion - Answer-more variable than cultural food habits
depends on level of adherence
Primary Religions in the World - Answer-1. Christianity: 2.4 billion
2. Islam: 1.9 billion
3. Non-religious: 1.2 billion
4. Hinduism: 1.15 billion
5. Buddhism: 521 million
6. Indigenous religions: 400 million
Evolution of Religion - Answer-indigenous religions: strong emphasis on relations
with land and non-human beings -> eastern religions: interrelation between humans
and other life forms -> western religions: concrete distinction between humans, other
animals, and nature
Eastern Religions - Answer--originated in asia
-polytheistic
-reincarnation
-non-violence
-interrelatedness of humans and natural world
Western - Answer--originated in the Middle East
,-monotheistic
-shared biblical heritage
-humans separate from the rest of the natural world
Judaism - Answer--largest immigration period: 1880-1920
-largest population centers: NY, CA, FL
-three main divisions of Judaism: orthodox, reform, conservative
Judaism: Dietary Laws - Answer--Kashrut: dietary laws outlined in Torah
-many religious holidays with food observances: The Sabbath (nightfall Fri - nightfall
Sat), Yom Kippur, Passover
-varying viewpoints and adherence
Kosher - Answer-1. particular animals not allowed
2. proper slaughter methods
3. dairy products and meat should not mix
4. forbidden parts of animals
Christianity - Answer--three dominant branches: roman catholic, eastern orthodox,
protestant
-US is mainly roman catholic and protestant
-primary immigration countries: germany, poland, italy, ireland - 1800s; mexico,
caribbean, vietnamese, filipino - 1900 and 2000s
American Paradox - Answer-food terminology for describing a culture: melting pot,
stew
-available and affordable foods from throughout the world, need for consistency and
conservatism
-american cooking adapts to current and emerging food trends
Biomedicine - Answer-conventional system of health care in the US and other
Western countries
-based on biology, physiology, and biochemistry
-based on scientific findings: disease treatment based on technology, health
promotion based on research
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) - Answer-natural products, deep
breathing, meditation, chiropractic osteopathic interventions, massage
Traditional Health Beliefs - Answer-culture determines how a person defines health,
recognizes illness, seeks treatment
traditional health beliefs are categorized by: etiology of disease and cure the
employed
Worldview's Impact on Health Care Decisions - Answer--individual may seem
indifferent in terminal illness due to belief in reincarnation
-one's belief in faith healing may contradict health care recommendations
-one may believe preservation of life is mandated, denial of sustaining cure is
murderous
-person may feel it is a practitioner decision than a family decision
, Healthcare Beliefs in the US - Answer--82% of Americans believe they are directly
responsible for their own health
-very involved in health care
-preventative measures: yearly check up, supplements, immunization
Cultural Imposition - Answer--biomedical worldview
-the tendency for health care providers to enforce their beliefs, practices, and values
upon patients and clients
Biomedical Worldview - Answer--mastery over nature: lab values, diagnostic tools,
omnipotent technology; doesn't consider individual, ethnic background, religious faith
-state of being
-role of the individual
-personal control or fate?
-perceptions of time
-material vs. spiritual
-aging
Health - Answer--"a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not
merely an absence of disease of infirmity" -WHO
-ignores natural, spiritual, and supernatural dimensions of health important to many
cultural groups
-health in other cultures is less dependent on symptoms than on the ability to
accomplish daily tasks
Health Attributes - Answer--physical attributes
-harmony in marriage, family, community
-americans expect to be content, other cultures have no assumptions and do not link
their happiness to their well being
Body Image - Answer--this is considered desirable, but so is being too thin
-being thin is related to malnutrition and diet
-pressures to be thin are most detrimental to adolescent females
-in many cultures, being overweight is desirable
-ideal body image changes based on acculturation
Health Maintenance - Answer--nearly all people identify these as necessary to
preserve health: good diet, sufficient rest, cleanliness, activity
-preventative care is unusual in many cultures
-specific cultural beliefs
Health Promoting Food Habits - Answer--food habits are often identified as the most
important way a person can maintain their health: necessary for strength, energy,
and mental acuity; some can maintain equilibrium in the body and soul
-typically include concepts of balance and moderation
-quantity of food can be considered health-promoting
Health Promoting Foods - Answer-specific foods, sympathetic quality of food,
disease prevention in the US
NST 104 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Biomedical Healing - Answer--personal relationship with the provider is as important
as the actual therapy
-patients often put in confusing position of choosing between biomedical and
traditional health care when they contradict each other
-cooperative monitoring by all sides is best for the patient
Intercultural Communication - Answer--language and context of interpretation
-physical: gestures. posture, dress, eye contact, and spatial relationships
-concepts of time
-status in society and as a group
-setting
Multicultural Influences on Communication - Answer--intercultural challenge
-communication as an "action chain"
-increase familiarity with cultural communication behaviors
Communication Concepts - Answer--uses codes to represents objects, ideas, or
behaviors
-thoughts, emotions, attitudes are decoded into language and nonverbal actions
-messages have two components: the content and the relationship between the
speaker and the receiver
-verbal messages most useful
-nonverbal most effective for relationship
-message is best received when verbal and nonverbal messages are consistent
-both are significantly impacted by cultural considerations
Verbal Communication - Answer-language can only be correctly interpreted within
context
low vs. high context: individuals and groups, power, authority, status, time perception
Nonverbal Communication - Answer--high context cultures
-over 7000 nonverbal cues and gestures have been identified: touching, eye contact,
spatial relationship
Communication in Healthcare - Answer--limited time is spent on explanation and
understanding
-noncompliance is a big problem
-nontraditional medical practices often see greater adherence because practitioner
spends more time explaining and ensuring understanding
Successful Intercultural Communication - Answer--begins when speaker is mindful of
their own communication behaviors and sensitive to misinterpretations
-must acknowledge differences
,-practitioners should prepare prior to sessions: open minded attitude, knowledge
needed, skills on ideal behavior changes
1. determine how the patient prefers to be addressed
2. use unambiguous language
3. choose common terms
4. avoid words with multiple meanings
5. use specific verbs
6. avoid slang
7. avoid asking questions that can be answered with yes/no
In Depth Interview - Answer-quantitative
qualitative
-what do you call your problem?
-what do you think caused it?
-what do you fear about your sickness?
-what results do you hope to achieve with treatment?
-have you tried any other treatments for this?
Health Programming - Answer-health information is often provided to groups,
through government agencies or through non profits
-acceptance and adoption of health initiatives depends on cultural appropriateness,
cost/benefit analysis, social norms, individual context
-very important to include the target population in developing interventions and
programming
Religion - Answer-the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power or a
particular system of faith or worship
Food and Religion - Answer-more variable than cultural food habits
depends on level of adherence
Primary Religions in the World - Answer-1. Christianity: 2.4 billion
2. Islam: 1.9 billion
3. Non-religious: 1.2 billion
4. Hinduism: 1.15 billion
5. Buddhism: 521 million
6. Indigenous religions: 400 million
Evolution of Religion - Answer-indigenous religions: strong emphasis on relations
with land and non-human beings -> eastern religions: interrelation between humans
and other life forms -> western religions: concrete distinction between humans, other
animals, and nature
Eastern Religions - Answer--originated in asia
-polytheistic
-reincarnation
-non-violence
-interrelatedness of humans and natural world
Western - Answer--originated in the Middle East
,-monotheistic
-shared biblical heritage
-humans separate from the rest of the natural world
Judaism - Answer--largest immigration period: 1880-1920
-largest population centers: NY, CA, FL
-three main divisions of Judaism: orthodox, reform, conservative
Judaism: Dietary Laws - Answer--Kashrut: dietary laws outlined in Torah
-many religious holidays with food observances: The Sabbath (nightfall Fri - nightfall
Sat), Yom Kippur, Passover
-varying viewpoints and adherence
Kosher - Answer-1. particular animals not allowed
2. proper slaughter methods
3. dairy products and meat should not mix
4. forbidden parts of animals
Christianity - Answer--three dominant branches: roman catholic, eastern orthodox,
protestant
-US is mainly roman catholic and protestant
-primary immigration countries: germany, poland, italy, ireland - 1800s; mexico,
caribbean, vietnamese, filipino - 1900 and 2000s
American Paradox - Answer-food terminology for describing a culture: melting pot,
stew
-available and affordable foods from throughout the world, need for consistency and
conservatism
-american cooking adapts to current and emerging food trends
Biomedicine - Answer-conventional system of health care in the US and other
Western countries
-based on biology, physiology, and biochemistry
-based on scientific findings: disease treatment based on technology, health
promotion based on research
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) - Answer-natural products, deep
breathing, meditation, chiropractic osteopathic interventions, massage
Traditional Health Beliefs - Answer-culture determines how a person defines health,
recognizes illness, seeks treatment
traditional health beliefs are categorized by: etiology of disease and cure the
employed
Worldview's Impact on Health Care Decisions - Answer--individual may seem
indifferent in terminal illness due to belief in reincarnation
-one's belief in faith healing may contradict health care recommendations
-one may believe preservation of life is mandated, denial of sustaining cure is
murderous
-person may feel it is a practitioner decision than a family decision
, Healthcare Beliefs in the US - Answer--82% of Americans believe they are directly
responsible for their own health
-very involved in health care
-preventative measures: yearly check up, supplements, immunization
Cultural Imposition - Answer--biomedical worldview
-the tendency for health care providers to enforce their beliefs, practices, and values
upon patients and clients
Biomedical Worldview - Answer--mastery over nature: lab values, diagnostic tools,
omnipotent technology; doesn't consider individual, ethnic background, religious faith
-state of being
-role of the individual
-personal control or fate?
-perceptions of time
-material vs. spiritual
-aging
Health - Answer--"a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not
merely an absence of disease of infirmity" -WHO
-ignores natural, spiritual, and supernatural dimensions of health important to many
cultural groups
-health in other cultures is less dependent on symptoms than on the ability to
accomplish daily tasks
Health Attributes - Answer--physical attributes
-harmony in marriage, family, community
-americans expect to be content, other cultures have no assumptions and do not link
their happiness to their well being
Body Image - Answer--this is considered desirable, but so is being too thin
-being thin is related to malnutrition and diet
-pressures to be thin are most detrimental to adolescent females
-in many cultures, being overweight is desirable
-ideal body image changes based on acculturation
Health Maintenance - Answer--nearly all people identify these as necessary to
preserve health: good diet, sufficient rest, cleanliness, activity
-preventative care is unusual in many cultures
-specific cultural beliefs
Health Promoting Food Habits - Answer--food habits are often identified as the most
important way a person can maintain their health: necessary for strength, energy,
and mental acuity; some can maintain equilibrium in the body and soul
-typically include concepts of balance and moderation
-quantity of food can be considered health-promoting
Health Promoting Foods - Answer-specific foods, sympathetic quality of food,
disease prevention in the US
