BIO 322
BIO 322 Patho Midterm Exam 2025
Questions and Answers Graded A
Which if the following would result in non-pathological hormonal hyperplasia?
A. A body builder who takes anabolic steroids to increase muscle mass.
B. The thickening of the endometrium after fertilization and implantation
C. A change in the cell size and shape of the cervix due to human papillomavirus (HPV)
D. The reversible changing of normal columnar ciliated epithelium of the bronchial lining
by stratified squamous epithelium. -Correct Answer ✔B.
Elissa is a 16 year old high school student who attempted to overdose on aspirin
because Joey, the star quarterback, kissed Emily, who probably has mono anyway. You
got the privilege of helping to pump Elissa's stomach and stick charcoal down her throat
to dry up the aspirin. Arterial blood gases showed a metabolic acidosis. Lab showed Na
142 mEq/L (normal 142-145), K 3.4 mEq/L (3.5-5.0), Ca 8.9 mg/dl (8.8-10.5), Mg 1.8
mg/dl (1.8-3.0), Cl- 94 (95-105), HCO3- 20 (24-28 mEq/L, HPO4- 2.7 mg/L (2.5-5) and
SO4- 1 mEq/L. By your calculations, does Elissa have an anion gap?
A. No
B. Yes
C. There is no way to tell from this case -Correct Answer ✔B.
A 30-year-old male arrived at the emergency room complaining of nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, and lethargy. Based on his symptoms, an ABG was ordered. His test
results were pH 7.33 PaCO2- 22 mm/Hg HCO3- 9. What type of imbalance is occurring
in the patient?
A. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
B. Compensated respiratory acidosis
C. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
D. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
E. Compensated metabolic acidosis -Correct Answer ✔E.
A 41-year-old man has been a smoker since he was 14. He is experiencing muscle
weakness and headaches. He has also been recently diagnosed with lung cancer. His
serum osmolality is decreased. Which of the following may be true?
A. He has SIADH and an excess of ADH
B. He has Addison Disease and a deficiency of ADH
C. He has SIADH and a deficiency of aldosterone
D. He has diabetes insipidus and a deficiency of ADH -Correct Answer ✔A.
A 51-year-old male has a BP of 150/95mmHg (normal<120/80mmHg). If this remains
untreated for years, which cellular alteration will be seen in the heart?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
BIO 322
, BIO 322
D. Hypertrophy -Correct Answer ✔D.
A 41-year-old man has been drinking large quantities of water--up to 20 liters per day--
for the past week. On physical examination he has diminished skin turgor (a sign of
moderate to severe dehydration) and dry mucous membranes. his serum levels
osmolality is elevated at 343 mOsm/kg. Which of the following is true?
A. He has SIADH and an excess of ADH
B. He has Addison disease and a deficiency of ADH
C. He has Addison disease and a deficiency of aldosterone
D. He has diabetes insipidus and a deficiency of ADH -Correct Answer ✔D
At mile 18 of a marathon an athlete began to experience muscle cramps and nausea.
Thinking she was dehydrated she increased her water intake. She became disoriented
and fell to the ground unconscious. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is
most likely causing her condition?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia -Correct Answer ✔A
sodium is responsible for:
A. ECF Osmotic balance
B. ICF Osmotic balance
C. Osmotic equilibrium -Correct Answer ✔A
A 56-year-old female presents to her physician complaining of dizzieness, confusion,
tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased PaCO2 and
slightly decreased HCO3. Which of following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
B. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
C. respiratory acidosis with renal compensation
D. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation -Correct Answer ✔A
An irreversible abnormal cellular adaptation characteristic in uterine cervical epithelium
is:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Metaplasia -Correct Answer ✔C
Clark is a retired 42-year-old male living alone. He is admitted to the ER complaining of
shortness of breath abd tingling in his fingers. His breathing s shallow and rapid. He
denies diabetes; blood sugar is normal. There are no EKG changes. He has no
significant respiratory or cardiac history. He takes several anti-anxiety medications. An
ABG showed: pH=7.49, PaCO2=27(normal 35-45), HCO3=23(normal 22-28). What is
the main contributor to the signs/symptoms described?
BIO 322
BIO 322 Patho Midterm Exam 2025
Questions and Answers Graded A
Which if the following would result in non-pathological hormonal hyperplasia?
A. A body builder who takes anabolic steroids to increase muscle mass.
B. The thickening of the endometrium after fertilization and implantation
C. A change in the cell size and shape of the cervix due to human papillomavirus (HPV)
D. The reversible changing of normal columnar ciliated epithelium of the bronchial lining
by stratified squamous epithelium. -Correct Answer ✔B.
Elissa is a 16 year old high school student who attempted to overdose on aspirin
because Joey, the star quarterback, kissed Emily, who probably has mono anyway. You
got the privilege of helping to pump Elissa's stomach and stick charcoal down her throat
to dry up the aspirin. Arterial blood gases showed a metabolic acidosis. Lab showed Na
142 mEq/L (normal 142-145), K 3.4 mEq/L (3.5-5.0), Ca 8.9 mg/dl (8.8-10.5), Mg 1.8
mg/dl (1.8-3.0), Cl- 94 (95-105), HCO3- 20 (24-28 mEq/L, HPO4- 2.7 mg/L (2.5-5) and
SO4- 1 mEq/L. By your calculations, does Elissa have an anion gap?
A. No
B. Yes
C. There is no way to tell from this case -Correct Answer ✔B.
A 30-year-old male arrived at the emergency room complaining of nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, and lethargy. Based on his symptoms, an ABG was ordered. His test
results were pH 7.33 PaCO2- 22 mm/Hg HCO3- 9. What type of imbalance is occurring
in the patient?
A. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
B. Compensated respiratory acidosis
C. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
D. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
E. Compensated metabolic acidosis -Correct Answer ✔E.
A 41-year-old man has been a smoker since he was 14. He is experiencing muscle
weakness and headaches. He has also been recently diagnosed with lung cancer. His
serum osmolality is decreased. Which of the following may be true?
A. He has SIADH and an excess of ADH
B. He has Addison Disease and a deficiency of ADH
C. He has SIADH and a deficiency of aldosterone
D. He has diabetes insipidus and a deficiency of ADH -Correct Answer ✔A.
A 51-year-old male has a BP of 150/95mmHg (normal<120/80mmHg). If this remains
untreated for years, which cellular alteration will be seen in the heart?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
BIO 322
, BIO 322
D. Hypertrophy -Correct Answer ✔D.
A 41-year-old man has been drinking large quantities of water--up to 20 liters per day--
for the past week. On physical examination he has diminished skin turgor (a sign of
moderate to severe dehydration) and dry mucous membranes. his serum levels
osmolality is elevated at 343 mOsm/kg. Which of the following is true?
A. He has SIADH and an excess of ADH
B. He has Addison disease and a deficiency of ADH
C. He has Addison disease and a deficiency of aldosterone
D. He has diabetes insipidus and a deficiency of ADH -Correct Answer ✔D
At mile 18 of a marathon an athlete began to experience muscle cramps and nausea.
Thinking she was dehydrated she increased her water intake. She became disoriented
and fell to the ground unconscious. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is
most likely causing her condition?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia -Correct Answer ✔A
sodium is responsible for:
A. ECF Osmotic balance
B. ICF Osmotic balance
C. Osmotic equilibrium -Correct Answer ✔A
A 56-year-old female presents to her physician complaining of dizzieness, confusion,
tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased PaCO2 and
slightly decreased HCO3. Which of following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
B. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
C. respiratory acidosis with renal compensation
D. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation -Correct Answer ✔A
An irreversible abnormal cellular adaptation characteristic in uterine cervical epithelium
is:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Metaplasia -Correct Answer ✔C
Clark is a retired 42-year-old male living alone. He is admitted to the ER complaining of
shortness of breath abd tingling in his fingers. His breathing s shallow and rapid. He
denies diabetes; blood sugar is normal. There are no EKG changes. He has no
significant respiratory or cardiac history. He takes several anti-anxiety medications. An
ABG showed: pH=7.49, PaCO2=27(normal 35-45), HCO3=23(normal 22-28). What is
the main contributor to the signs/symptoms described?
BIO 322
