MI End of Course Exam Questions And Correct Verified Answers Guaranteed Success.

bioinformatics - correct answer the collection, classification, storage, and analysis of biochemical and biological information using computers especially as applied in molecular genetics and genomics ELISA - correct answer Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; test for an antibody/antigen in which test material is absorbed on a surface and exposed to an enzyme linked to an antibody/antigen to produce a reaction and a color change; color yields to concentration of antibody/antigen enzyme - correct answer catalyst protein; chemical agent that changes the rate of reaction without being consumed by reaction pathogen - correct answer specific causative agent of a disease primer - correct answer molecule (short RNA/DNA) whose presence is required for formation of another molecule (long DNA) substrate - correct answer the reactant on which an enzyme works conjugation - correct answer the one-way transfer of DNA between bacteria in cellular contact transduction - correct answer the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another by a genetic vector audiogram - correct answer graphic representation of the relation of vibration frequency and the minimum sound intensity for hearing conductive hearing loss - correct answer hearing loss or impairment resulting from interference with the transmission of sound waves to the cochlea inner ear - correct answer includes vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea middle ear - correct answer contains three ossicles that extend from tympanic membrane to oval window and transmits vibrations to inner ear outer ear - correct answer visible portion that transmits sound waves toward tympanic membrane by canal that extends inward from temporal bone sensorineural hearing loss - correct answer hearing loss/problems resulting from problems with auditory nerves cohort study - correct answer study where group of exposed individuals and group of non-exposed individuals are followed over time to determine incidence of a disease DNA ligase - correct answer linking enzyme essential for DNA replication and recombinant DNA techniques herd immunity - correct answer resistance of a group to an attack by a disease to which a large proportion of the members of the group are immune inoculation - correct answer the introduction of a pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate the production of antibodies amniocentesis - correct answer technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus anneal - correct answer to be capable of combining with complementary nucleic acid by a process of heating and cooling chorionic villus sampling (CVS) - correct answer technique for diagnosing genetic and congenital defects in a fetus by removing and analyzing a sample of the fetal portion of the placenta newborn screening - correct answer the analysis of a neonate's blood for metabolic or genetic disorders to prevent mental retardation, disability, or death Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) - correct answer determination of genetic abnormalities in an embryo before it is implanted into the uterus Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) - correct answer one base-pair variation in the genome sequence supernatant - correct answer the clear liquid left behind after the precipitate has been spun down to the bottom of the vessel by centrifugation taq polymerase - correct answer DNA synthesis enzyme that can withstand the high temperatures of PCR thermal cycler - correct answer instrument that automatically cycles through different temperatures used to complete PCR reactions apoptosis - correct answer the changes that occur within a cell as it undergoes programmed cell death, brought about by signals that trigger the activation of a cascade of suicide proteins in the cell destined to die oncogene - correct answer a gene having the potential to cause a normal cell to become cancerous proto-oncogene - correct answer a normal cellular gene corresponding to an oncogene; gene with a potential to cause cancer but requires some alteration to become an oncogene genetic marker - correct answer alteration in DNA that may indicate an increased risk of developing a specific disease or disorder marker analysis - correct answer genetic technique whereby the sequence of the gene is not directly analyzed, but the mutantcopy of the gene is inferred through analysis of a genetic marker model system - correct answer an organism chosen to study broad biological principles controlled study - correct answer clinical trial in which the subjects are distributed into groups which are either subjected to the experimental procedure or which serves as controls open study - correct answer clinical trial in which both the researchers and the patients know who receives the drug and who receives a placebo pharmacogenetics - correct answer study of the interrelation of hereditary constitution and response to drugs ampicillin - correct answer a penicillin that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria polyacrylamide - correct answer polymer used as a gel material in vertical electrophoresis; used to separate smaller molecules transformation efficiency - correct answer a measure of how well cells are transformed to a new phenotype allocation policies - correct answer rules/policies established by the OPTN to guide and regulate organ allocation or distribution in the US crossmatch - correct answer testing of the compatibility of bloods/tissues of a donor and recipient by mixing blood/tissue of the other to determine the absence of agglutination reactions haplotype - correct answer group of alleles of different genes on a single chromosome that are closely enough linked to be inherited usually as a single unit histocompatibility - correct answer state of mutual tolerance between tissues that allows them to be grafted effectively Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) - correct answer molecules located on all nucleated cells in body that help the immune system to recognize whether or not a cell is foreign to the body Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) - correct answer foreign MHC molecules on transplanted tissue can trigger T cell responses that may lead to rejection of the transplant NOTA - correct answer National Organ Transplant Act Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network - correct answer OPTN; operates the national network for organ procurement and allocation and works to promote organ donation Organ Procurement Organization - correct answer facilitate in the organ donation process by assessing in-hospital deaths for donor eligibility; consulting with families of potential donors; and retrieving, preserving and transporting organs for transplantation Panel Reactive Antibody (PRA) - correct answer percent PRA value is a measure of a patient's level of sensitization to donor antigens; the higher the value, the more difficult finding a donor becomes trocar - correct answer sharp-pointed surgical instrument fitted with a small tube for insertion into a body cavity xenotransplantation - correct answer transplantation of an organ, tissue or cells between two different species