NR507- Midterm Advanced Patho- cardiac,
pulmonary, hematology, renal
Hematopoiesis - Answerblood cell formation
Fetus- liver and spleen
Adult- bone marrow
Anemia - AnswerA condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in
hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Erythropoiesis - Answerformation of red blood cells
In kidney in response to hypoxia
macrocytic normochromic anemia - AnswerLarge RBC's, normal hemoglobin
Folic acid or Vitamin B12 deficiency
microcytic hypochromic anemia - Answersmall, abnormally shaped erythrocytes that
are not able to carry normal hemoglobin
Thalassemia- mediterranean
normocytic normochromic anemia - AnswerCharacterized by red cells that are
relatively normal in size and normal hemoglobin
Aplastic, hemorrhagic, hemolytic, sickle cell
iron deficiency anemia - Answeranemia resulting when there is not enough iron to
build hemoglobin for red blood cells
Affects children, poverty, child bearing age
Erythrocytes - Answerred blood cells
Most abundant cell in the body
Responsible for tissue oxygenation
Mitotic division- 100-120 days
sickle cell anemia - AnswerA genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an
abnormal curved or "sickle" shape (Hb-s)
Thalassemia - AnswerInherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually
seen in persons of Mediterranean background.
pernicious anemia - AnswerLack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb
vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
, hemolytic anemia - AnswerCharacterized by an inadequate number of circulating red
blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen
Pancytopenia- reduction in all 3 types of blood cells (RBC, WBC, Plt)
Erythropoietin (EPO) - AnswerHormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the
production of red blood cells by bone marrow
In response to hypoxia
In the fetus the liver produces this
Hemoglobin - AnswerIron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for
delivery to cells
4 molecules of O2
Made of polypeptide, heme, iron
anemia due to gastrectomy - AnswerIron def anemia is major cause after this
Removal of stomach often leads to marked decrease in production of gastric acid. This
acid is necessary to convert dietary iron to a form that is more readily absorbed by the
duodenum
hemolytic anemia causes - AnswerSickle cell disease, ABO or Rh incompatibility,
drug induced
Role of macrophages - AnswerInnate:
1. Phagocytosis
PRR or opsonization w/ complement
2. Secrete Cytokines: Recruit more cells, inflammation, fever, etc.
Adaptive:
1. Phagocytosis: opsonization with complement or Abs
2. Secrete cytokines: recruit more cells etc.
3. Antigen presentation: peptides from the broken down pathogen are displayed on
surface of the cell.
Note: macrophages and dendrites are the majoy antigen processing and antigen
presenting cells that initiate immune response
- Present antigen to memory (Th) cells in order to initiate a rapid response to antigens
(secondary immune response)
Anticholinergic drugs for asthma - AnswerAtrovent & Spiriva both prevent the muscle
bands around the airways from tightening thus reduce in exacerbation
Albuterol is short acting
Asthma - AnswerA chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe
breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.
pulmonary, hematology, renal
Hematopoiesis - Answerblood cell formation
Fetus- liver and spleen
Adult- bone marrow
Anemia - AnswerA condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in
hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Erythropoiesis - Answerformation of red blood cells
In kidney in response to hypoxia
macrocytic normochromic anemia - AnswerLarge RBC's, normal hemoglobin
Folic acid or Vitamin B12 deficiency
microcytic hypochromic anemia - Answersmall, abnormally shaped erythrocytes that
are not able to carry normal hemoglobin
Thalassemia- mediterranean
normocytic normochromic anemia - AnswerCharacterized by red cells that are
relatively normal in size and normal hemoglobin
Aplastic, hemorrhagic, hemolytic, sickle cell
iron deficiency anemia - Answeranemia resulting when there is not enough iron to
build hemoglobin for red blood cells
Affects children, poverty, child bearing age
Erythrocytes - Answerred blood cells
Most abundant cell in the body
Responsible for tissue oxygenation
Mitotic division- 100-120 days
sickle cell anemia - AnswerA genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an
abnormal curved or "sickle" shape (Hb-s)
Thalassemia - AnswerInherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually
seen in persons of Mediterranean background.
pernicious anemia - AnswerLack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb
vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
, hemolytic anemia - AnswerCharacterized by an inadequate number of circulating red
blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen
Pancytopenia- reduction in all 3 types of blood cells (RBC, WBC, Plt)
Erythropoietin (EPO) - AnswerHormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the
production of red blood cells by bone marrow
In response to hypoxia
In the fetus the liver produces this
Hemoglobin - AnswerIron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for
delivery to cells
4 molecules of O2
Made of polypeptide, heme, iron
anemia due to gastrectomy - AnswerIron def anemia is major cause after this
Removal of stomach often leads to marked decrease in production of gastric acid. This
acid is necessary to convert dietary iron to a form that is more readily absorbed by the
duodenum
hemolytic anemia causes - AnswerSickle cell disease, ABO or Rh incompatibility,
drug induced
Role of macrophages - AnswerInnate:
1. Phagocytosis
PRR or opsonization w/ complement
2. Secrete Cytokines: Recruit more cells, inflammation, fever, etc.
Adaptive:
1. Phagocytosis: opsonization with complement or Abs
2. Secrete cytokines: recruit more cells etc.
3. Antigen presentation: peptides from the broken down pathogen are displayed on
surface of the cell.
Note: macrophages and dendrites are the majoy antigen processing and antigen
presenting cells that initiate immune response
- Present antigen to memory (Th) cells in order to initiate a rapid response to antigens
(secondary immune response)
Anticholinergic drugs for asthma - AnswerAtrovent & Spiriva both prevent the muscle
bands around the airways from tightening thus reduce in exacerbation
Albuterol is short acting
Asthma - AnswerA chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe
breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.
