FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND SKILLS FOR NURSING
Nursing Process
Assessment: Gathering patient data (subjective and objective) to understand their
health status. This includes physical assessments, patient history, and laboratory
results.
Diagnosis: Identifying health problems based on assessment data. It involves both
physical and psychological conditions.
Planning: Developing a care plan that outlines patient goals and desired outcomes. It
includes prioritizing patient needs.
Implementation: Carrying out the care plan through interventions such as medication
administration, patient education, and treatments.
Evaluation: Reviewing the effectiveness of the care plan. Assessing whether the
goals have been met or if changes are needed.
2. Basic Nursing Skills
Vital Signs Monitoring: Checking blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate,
temperature, and oxygen saturation.
Aseptic Technique: Ensuring infection prevention through hand hygiene, sterilizing
equipment, and using gloves when necessary.
Patient Positioning: Helping patients maintain comfortable and safe positions for
resting, mobility, and care activities.
Patient Hygiene: Assisting with bathing, oral care, grooming, and general body care.
Medication Administration: Administering oral, intravenous, intramuscular, or
subcutaneous medications while ensuring patient safety.
3. Communication Skills
Active Listening: Fully concentrating on what the patient is saying without
interruption.
Non-Verbal Communication: Being mindful of body language, facial expressions,
and gestures when interacting with patients.
Empathy and Compassion: Showing understanding and kindness to patients who
may be in distress or experiencing pain.
Patient Education: Teaching patients about their condition, treatments, and how to
manage their health.
4. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Health Education: Teaching patients about healthy lifestyle choices such as
nutrition, exercise, and stress management.
Preventive Care: Encouraging routine screenings, vaccinations, and self-
examinations to prevent disease.
Disease Management: Helping patients with chronic conditions manage symptoms,
medications, and overall health.
Nursing Process
Assessment: Gathering patient data (subjective and objective) to understand their
health status. This includes physical assessments, patient history, and laboratory
results.
Diagnosis: Identifying health problems based on assessment data. It involves both
physical and psychological conditions.
Planning: Developing a care plan that outlines patient goals and desired outcomes. It
includes prioritizing patient needs.
Implementation: Carrying out the care plan through interventions such as medication
administration, patient education, and treatments.
Evaluation: Reviewing the effectiveness of the care plan. Assessing whether the
goals have been met or if changes are needed.
2. Basic Nursing Skills
Vital Signs Monitoring: Checking blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate,
temperature, and oxygen saturation.
Aseptic Technique: Ensuring infection prevention through hand hygiene, sterilizing
equipment, and using gloves when necessary.
Patient Positioning: Helping patients maintain comfortable and safe positions for
resting, mobility, and care activities.
Patient Hygiene: Assisting with bathing, oral care, grooming, and general body care.
Medication Administration: Administering oral, intravenous, intramuscular, or
subcutaneous medications while ensuring patient safety.
3. Communication Skills
Active Listening: Fully concentrating on what the patient is saying without
interruption.
Non-Verbal Communication: Being mindful of body language, facial expressions,
and gestures when interacting with patients.
Empathy and Compassion: Showing understanding and kindness to patients who
may be in distress or experiencing pain.
Patient Education: Teaching patients about their condition, treatments, and how to
manage their health.
4. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Health Education: Teaching patients about healthy lifestyle choices such as
nutrition, exercise, and stress management.
Preventive Care: Encouraging routine screenings, vaccinations, and self-
examinations to prevent disease.
Disease Management: Helping patients with chronic conditions manage symptoms,
medications, and overall health.
